Counteracting corruption, which is viewed as a systemic phenomenon, requires a complex approach. It is impossible to eradicate it using nothing but criminal law prohibitions. Combating corruption should also include other mechanisms that will make it possible to fight negative phenomena effectively. The authors make an attempt to study the issue of counteracting corruption with the help of criminal procedure tools. Witness protection is one of such tools, it includes not only witnesses of corruption crimes, but also persons that facilitate the detection of corruption and the uncovering of corruption schemes at the earliest stage of committing corruption crimes and offences - the stage of planning or attempting. The risk of corruption crimes is increased if there is no system to support and protect whistleblowers. The development and implementation of a system of measures aimed at protecting people that report corruption crimes and offences have a crucial importance for preventing corruption and establishing the rules of anti-corruption behavior for public officials and other persons. The program of protecting whistleblowers in cases of corruption is aimed at providing accessible and safe channels for reporting corruption violations, reliable protection of whistleblowers against all kinds of influence as well as the development of mechanisms to publicize information which would contribute to the reforms in the legislative and law enforcement spheres for the purposes of corruption prevention. At present there is a substantial gap in the Russian legislation in the sphere of disclosing information about corruption crimes and offences as well as a specialized system of whistleblower protection. The authors use the analysis of international legal acts and foreign legislation to research the problems of corruption whistleblowers and present suggestions on solving them.

In modern world, we hear more and more the word digital. The widespread dissemination of information technology has influenced the criminal and civil proceedings of many countries. At the present time, in a number of states, the rules governing the use of information technology in the administration of justice are being consistently implemented. The aim of this paper is to study and analyze some new problems caused by the rapid development and increased use of information technology and their possible further impact on the civil proceedings. On the example of analysis of the legislation of the USA, Great Britain, Japan, Singapore, Russia and a number of other countries, the authors made a conclusion about the basic principles and features of the use of information technology in the civil process and their relationship with the principles of traditional civil proceedings. Based on the results of the research, the authors put forward a number of theoretical and practical proposals for improving legislation in the sphere of using the information technologies in the civil proceedings.

Михеева Светлана Александровна кандидат экономических наук, доцент департамента государственного администрирования Санкт-Петербургской школы социальных наук и востоковедения, Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (Санкт-Петербург).

Аннотация. В статье проводится анализ положений Уголовного кодекса Испании, регламентирующих уголовную ответственность юридических лиц. Долгое время возможность привлечения юридического лица к уголовной ответственности была характерна для англо-саксонской правовой семьи, однако в связи с ростом корпораций, развитием общества и государства остро встал вопрос о необходимости привлечения юридических лиц к ответственности. В настоящее время в большинстве стран, в том числе и в России подобный институт не предусмотрен в уголовном праве, но на протяжении ряда лет ведется полемика относительно необходимости его имплементации в ткань уголовного закона. В статье исследуется вопрос субъектного состава юридических лиц, которые могут быть привлечены к уголовной ответственности, а также исключения, закрепленные испанским законодателем. Существующая редакция Уголовного кодекса Испании закрепляет обстоятельства смягчающие наказание и перечень наказаний, которые могут быть применены к юридическому лицу. Можно отметить, что перечень наказаний, которые могут быть применены к юридическому лицу, довольно широк, и разработан с учетом особенностей деятельности юридического лица, как субъекта права. В рамках статьи проводится анализ точек зрений представителей испанского научного сообщества по вопросу уголовной ответственности юридических лиц. Ключевые слова: преступление, сравнительное правоведение, вина, Испания, юридическое лицо, субъект преступления THE HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF LEGAL PERSONS IN THE LEGISLATION OF SPAIN © 2019 Zhurkina Olga Vyacheslavovna, candidate of jurisprudence, associate professor, head department of organization of judicial and prosecutorial-investigative activity

The article deals with the problem of family (domestic) violence, which worsened during the period of lockdown. The search for effective means of preventing family (domestic) violence remains an urgent issue today. The problem requires efforts not only from law enforcement agencies. Prevention measures should be comprehensive and involve the resources of both law enforcement agencies and society as a whole.