Cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important horticultural crops in the world. The optimization of culture media for callus formation and tissue regeneration of different tomato genotypes presents numerous biotechnological applications. In this work, we have analyzed the effect of different concentrations of zeatin and indole-3-acetic acid on the regeneration of cotyledon explants in tomato cultivars M82 and Micro-Tom. We evaluated regeneration parameters such as the percentage of callus formation and the area of callus formed, as well as the initiation percentage and the number of adventitious shoots. The best hormone combination produced shoot-like structures after 2–3 weeks. We observed the formation of leaf primordia from these structures after about 3–4 weeks. Upon transferring the regenerating micro-stems to a defined growth medium, it was possible to obtain whole plantlets between 4 and 6 weeks. This hormone combination was applied to other genotypes of S. lycopersicum, including commercial varieties and ancestral tomato varieties. Our method is suitable for obtaining many plantlets of different tomato genotypes from cotyledon explants in a very short time, with direct applications for plant transformation, use of gene editing techniques, and vegetative propagation of elite cultivars.

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The procedure for vacuum infiltration of cultivars A. caudatus L. and hybrids of A. caudatus L. x A. paniculatus L. was optimized. The functioning of gene construction pCBv19 in the Amaranthus leaves was evaluated by the transient expression after vacuum infiltration with Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4. After hypocotyl transformation of the varieties of amaranth species A. caudatus L.: Helios, Karmin, Kremovyi rannii, and hybrids A. caudatus x A. paniculatus L.cv. Sterkh, A. caudatus x Sterkh-cv. Zhaivir with the wild strain A. rhizogenes A4, the culture of "hairy roots" was obtained. Embedding and transcription of genes in the roots are confirmed by the results of the PCR analysis.

Aim. To investigate the antibacterial properties of the fl owers of melliferous plants on the cultures isolated from honeycombs affected by foulbrood. Methods. Microbiological, cultural-morphological, biochemical, electron- microscopic, statistical. Results. Antibacterial effect on the Melissococcus pluton 8.1 strain was demonstrated by the fl ower extracts of 14 plant species and that on Bacillusaspecies – by the fl ower extracts of 27 plant spe- cies blossoming in the early spring. Conclusions. To study bee colonies affected by foulbrood, it is possible to use the properties of such nectariferous plants as Lamium album, Acer campestre, Prunus tomentosa, Allium cepa, Tagetes patula, Spiraea japonica, Achillea millefolium, Calluna vulgaris, Mentha piperita, Tilia cordata, Centaurea jacea, Lysimachia nummularia. The results of the experiments on the culture of microorganisms, isolated from the honeycombs of the bee colonies affected by foulbrood, demonstrated that these plants could be effective for the prevention and treatment of bacterial bee diseases.