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Intuitive human-robot cooperation presents a challenge to robots since it demands of them a high level of understanding of the human user. Our approach is to estimate the human intention and select and proactively execute an appropriate robot task without requiring an explicit user command. This paper describes the concept and details of our proactive execution module and how it forms an integral part of our intuitive human-robot cooperation system. We present implementation details and the results of an evaluation scenario.

Up to date, medical robots for minimal invasive surgery do not provide assistance appropriate to the workflow of the intervention. A simple concept of a cognitive system is presented, which is derived from a classic closed-loop control. As implementation, we present a cognitive medical robot system using lightweight robots with redundant kinematics. The robot system includes several control modes and human-machine interfaces. We focus on describing knowledge acquisition about the workflow of an intervention and present two example applications utilizing the acquired knowledge: autonomous camera guidance and planning of minimal invasive port (trocar) positions in combination with an initial robot setup. Port planning is described as optimization problem. The autonomous camera system includes a mid-term movement prediction of the ongoing intervention. The cognitive approach to a medical robot system includes taking the environment into account. The goal is to create a system that acts as a human assistant, who perceives the situation, understands the context based on his knowledge and acts appropriate.

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