This study sought to determine if younger and older adults' scores on the Attention Process Test predicted scores on the Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome and Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies. Methods: The Attention Process Test, the Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome, and the Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies were administered to 60 younger and 60 older adults in a counterbalanced manner. Regression statistics were calculated to determine any predictive outcomes. Results: For older adults, the Attention Process Test significantly predicted the Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome's total profile standard scores, and the Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies' total standard scores for Accuracy, Rationale, and in one analysis significantly predicted Reasoning. For younger adults, when correcting for high correlations among the five Attention Process Test subtests, this test did not significantly predict their scores on the Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome or the Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies' total standard scores. Conclusions: The Attention Process Test was consistently a significant predictor of executive function measures in older adults, but not younger adults, suggesting the relationship between attention and executive function may be different for these age groups. Thus, different evaluation procedures may be warranted for older adults versus younger adults. A caveat of these findings is that these results were obtained with healthy, neurologically intact individuals. Future research should further investigate the relationship between attention and executive function in adults with acquired neurological damage.

Aim To compare listening and spoken language outcomes after cochlear implantation for children born preterm and at term, and to examine patterns associated with additional disabilities or gestational age. Method Children were included if they underwent cochlear implantation in 2013 or 2014 and had complete 5‐year follow‐up data available. An analysis of assessment data recorded annually was conducted, including outcomes as measured by the Category of Auditory Performance (CAP), the Speech Intelligibility Rating, Second Edition (SIR 2) scale, and the British Picture Vocabulary Scales, Third Edition (BPVS‐3). Analyses were conducted to measure the impact of preterm birth and of additional causes of disability on these outcomes. Results Eighty‐two children (39 males, 43 females; median corrected age at first cochlear implantation 28.5mo [interquartile range 16.3–48.5]) were included in the study. Children who underwent cochlear implantation experienced significant improvements as measured by the CAP, SIR 2, and BPVS‐3. Comparable improvements were seen in the groups born at term and preterm. Children with additional disabilities experienced significant improvement in all measures but performed less well than children without additional disabilities. Interpretation Infants born preterm benefit from cochlear implantation to a degree comparable to their peers born at term. Additional disabilities may limit improvements in speech intelligibility, listening performance, and receptive vocabulary. Children with additional disabilities, nonetheless, derived significant benefit from cochlear implantation; additional benefits of cochlear implantation for this subgroup may go unmeasured by the outcome tools used in this study.