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The Court of Justice of the EU stated in its Opinion 1/15 that the envisaged PNR agreement between Canada and the EU cannot be concluded in its current form. Several of its dispositions are incompatible with European Fundamental Rights. The bulk transfer of PNR data including for the preventing and fighting against terrorism are prohibited. PNR Data collection need to be limited to what is strictly necessary in order to achieve security purposes. This Opinion confirms the crucial role of the Court both in negotiating international agreements and in developing the European model of personal data protection and respect for private life.

The authors, all data protection experts, discuss the status of the relevant data protection regulatory framework on profiling in the business sector in several countries worldwide, from the constitutional level to some individual regulation including the general attitude towards the topic. The EU perspective is presented on the basis of the present directives as well as the General Data Protection Regulation. The United Kingdom, Germany and France, as three of the largest EU Member States with partly highly differing regulatory approaches represent Member State law. Australia, Brazil and the US regulation exemplify the different integration of data protection standards and different models of approaching profiling in the globalised IT world.**

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