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Distribution networks are facing significant technical constraints that must be resolved at minimum cost: regulatory and customer pressures to improve reliability of supply, reduction of losses and the technical challenges related to the connection of an increasing amount of distributed generation. The use of new approaches is therefore being encouraged to develop cost-effective solutions often leading to the concept of Active Management. However, the lack of monitoring in present distribution networks is a barrier to the implementation of the corresponding automation functions. On the other hand a full monitoring of the distribution network is not economically realistic. Therefore, there is a need for intermediate solutions such as the one presented in this paper: EDF R&D has developed a distribution state estimator (DSE) based on voltage state variables. Such algorithm is expected to provide quasi-real time system supervision of voltages and power flows which are required as inputs of Distribution Management System (DMS) functions. Even if based on techniques applied to transmission networks, the requirements and performances of DSE are different and adapted to distribution needs. The paper discusses the limits of such approach and proposes thumbed rules for sensors placement as well as research perspectives to overcome these limits.

OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author-deposited version published in : http://oatao. Abstract-In our daily life, electricity becomes more and more important. Mainly for environmental concerns, governments tend to encourage integration of generators which rely on renewable energy sources. Therefore, it is necessary to move from present electrical networks to smarter ones. These issues have contributed to the development of the concept of Smart Grid. One might well ask the question: how to add a layer of intelligence on electrical networks as we know them?The work presented in this paper is mainly focused on the State Estimation as a way to observe the evolution of low voltage or medium voltage disturbances in order to mitigate them using innovative regulation functions. The Atena platform presented in this study has shown the feasibility and some advantages of using an adaptive multi-agent system for the estimation of the network state within a reasonable time, with encouraging accuracy for voltage regulation, with a linear complexity and with the capacity to adapt itself to changes that can occur in the network. Each agent has only a local perception of the grid and interacts with its immediate neighbors according to the network topology, without any information on the global state.

The smart power grids will extensively rely on network control to increase efficiency, reliability, and safety. In this context, the simulation of such complex systems is becoming an essential tool to support the development of Smart Grids. This paper presents an overview of the EDF R&D Modelica library GridSysPro (GSP), which provides electrical components adapted to Smart Grid simulation; and a multi-agent approach for supporting the coinitialization process of complex network of FMUs.

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