The study was aimed to examine the need of incorporating traditional weather forecasting renowned indigenous knowledge system (IKS) into modern weather forecasting methods to be used for planning farming activities. In addition, not only gap that is not infused by current weather forecasting system with their advanced studies to understand why it is incorporated into existing technical frameworks was regarded, but also the limitation of advanced weather forecasting approach and strength to be elicited by indigenous knowledge system are crucial. Perspicuously, forms and onsite interrogates have been conducted to assess people's beliefs, understanding, and attitudes on the indigenous knowledge system significance on weather forecasting. Therefore, atmospheric and biological conditions, astronomic, as well as relief characteristics were used to predict the weather over short and long periods. Usually, in assessing weather conditions, the conduct of animals and insects were listed as essential. Obviously, in order to predict weather particularly from rain within about short period of time, astronomical characteristics were used. Commonly, there are few peers who know conventional weather prediction approaches. This lowers the reliability of conventional weather prediction. The findings revealed some variables that impact meteorological inaccuracy by scientific methods and help to recognize and evaluate the gap that current meteorological technologies do not achieve and new particulars anticipated to be filled with conventional methods to attain accurate weather prediction. Additionally, the study indicated that both modern and conventional processes have certain positive and limitations, which means that they can be coupled to generate more accurate weather prediction reports for end users.

This study was aimed to assess the effects of eucalyptus extracts on the shelf life of passion fruit juice. The pressing and the hydro-distillation approaches were performed to obtain the passion fruit juice and the eucalyptus extracts, respectively. A mixture of passion fruit juice and eucalyptus extracts at different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%) were stored at ambient temperature for 18 days. The yeast and molds (YM), total coliform (TC), and growth of total viable count (TVC) were evaluated every 3 days. Compared to the control group, all treatment groups with eucalyptus extracts inhibited microbial growth and the inhibition increased as time elapsed. Obviously, after 3 days, 40% concentration was significantly inhibited colon-forming of YM, TC, and TVC by 100, 58.3 and 100%, respectively. Diversely, 10% concentrations inhibited their growth by 7.9, 5.3, and 31.5%, respectively. However, On the 18 th day, no microorganism colonies formed except for TVC at a concentration of 10% with an inhibition of 42.2%. This approach can be an efficient method for preserving passion fruit juice, thereby exacerbating the growth of microorganisms.

No abstract

Population proliferation, economic escalation and modernization have led to a tenacious increase in the number of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) in developing countries (DCs) particularly in Rwanda. Also, with the onset of information and communication technology (ICT), people are eager to discover new technologies, leading to robust demand for contemporary electronic devices and the use of these tools. Expired EEE are being discarded expeditiously as E-waste in bulk due to a lack of perspicuous management and treatment approach. This work is intended to describe the development of e-waste and suggests theoretical recommendations. However, it is predicated on open access articles that use e-waste as a keyword, field survey and some of the most widely studied topics namely waste management, environmental and human health effects, and the current situation of waste management in a particular region. This work reveals that the National E-waste Management Policy will restraint the life end of EEE emanating in human health protection, environment conservation, and business development concomitant to management of electrical and electronic waste (E-waste) and recycling industries, and job creation for sustainable development.