SUMMARYNumerical modelling of concrete cracking requires robust models able to describe opening and propagation of cracks. Structural concrete codes provide practical relations to describe crack openings. However, these empirical methods were developed for specific structures and cannot be used for general applications. Here, a continuous modelling approach based on damage mechanics is used to compute crack openings in a tie-beam concrete structure. We propose a post-processing method to extract crack openings from a continuum damage finite element computation. This method can be applied to all continuum damage/plasticity models. The tie-beam concrete is characterized by a weak stress gradient; this aspect complicates predictions of crack positions and number. A stochastic method is used to take into account the spatial variability in concrete properties and create a spatially correlated random property field.

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The paper shows how networks and SNA techniques provide novel and useful means to understand communication and collaboration between hospital professionals.