Profesionalni stres je pojava kojoj su nerijetko izloženi stručnjaci pomagačkih profesija, u koje se ubrajaju i socijalni radnici. Neusklađenost između zahtjeva vezanih uz posao i okoline, odnosno nemogućnosti da se tim zahtjevima udovolji dovode do profesionalnog stresa. Jedan od njegovih krajnjih negativnih ishoda je sagorijevanje na poslu, koje se najšire može shvatiti kao proces koji dovodi do potpune profesionalne iscrpljenosti i u konačnici može rezultirati apatijom. Cilj ovog rada je dati uvid u istraživanja o izvorima stresa i sagorijevanju na poslu kod socijalnih radnika, s posebnim osvrtom na nalaze relativno rijetkih domaćih istraživanja, te pokušati objediniti najčešće nalaze o izvorima stresa i sagorijevanju na poslu kod socijalnih radnika. Ključne riječi: profesionalni stres, izvori stresa, sagorijevanje na poslu, socijalni rad.1 Doc.dr.sc. Olja Družić Ljubotina, socijalna radnica, e-mail: olja_druzic@ya-hoo UVODDanas područje socijalnog rada ne obuhvaća samo područje socijalne skrbi i rješavanje socijalnih problema, već ono u širem smislu podrazumijeva socijalne intervencije koje zahtijeva socijalna politika i socijalni razvoj. Zbog navedenog, socijalni radnici imaju vrlo važnu ulogu u prevenciji i rješavanju pojedinačnih i grupnih socijalnih problema. Od stjecanja neovisnosti u Republici Hrvatskoj potreba za socijalnim radom osjetno je povećana, i to iz dva osnovna razloga. S jedne strane, zbog ratnih stradanja većina ljudi dospjela je u tešku životnu situaciju u kojoj im je bila potrebna pomoć. S druge strane, prelazak iz socijalističkog sustava na tržišno gospodarstvo i pluralističko društvo uzrokovalo je pojačanu socijalnu diferencijaciju, pa su se s tim u vezi pojavili mnogi socijalni problemi koje je trebalo sustavno i stručno rješavati (Puljiz, 1997.).U tom prijelaznom razdoblju velik dio aktivnosti preuzeli su socijalni radnici, prije svega u centrima za socijalnu skrb, koji su uz svoje redovne i složene poslove (nezaposlenost, siromaštvo, narušeni odnosi u obitelji, razvodi brakova, bolest, invaliditet, zlostavljanje i zanemarivanje djece, psihičke teškoće, poremećaji ponaša-nja mladih i dr.), dobivali i dodatne zahtjevne obveze kao što su: rad s prognanicima i izbjeglicama, poslovi tijekom tranzicije, kompletni postupci prilikom razvoda braka, osmišljavanje nedostatnih smještajnih kapaciteta, prebačaj nekih prava i oblika iz drugih sustava i dr.Iz opisa poslova socijalnog radnika, vidljivo je da naglašena socijalna i humana dimenzija pristupanja svakom slučaju u socijalnoj skrbi nalaže visoko specijalizirane intervencije u najintimnija i najsloženija područja života pojedinaca i obitelji, a što se može negativno odraziti u osobnom i profesionalnom funkcioniranju socijalnih radnika (Kahn, 1993.;Zapf, 2002.). Centri za socijalnu skrb, u kojima je zaposlen najveći dio socijalnih radnika, danas izvršavaju oko 140 različitih poslova koji su u njihovoj nadležnosti i slove kao jedan od složenijih sustava u državi. Iako s manjkom zaposlenih, bez dovoljno potrebnih edukacija i stručnih usavršava...
Homelessness is one of the most difficult social issues, and people who have experienced homelessness are often exposed to stigmatisation and negative public perception. Public perception of homeless people also depends on how citizens interpret and what they attribute the causes of homelessness to. Therefore, this paper is aimed at verifying the causal attributions of homelessness based on Weiner’s three-dimensional attribution model. The aim of the research was to examine the determinants of causal attributions of homelessness regarding certain sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics and attitudes towards homeless people. The research was conducted on a representative sample of citizens of the Republic of Croatia (n=1 010). The results showed that, on average, the citizens mostly attribute the causes of homelessness to factors related to the circumstances of a person’s life and the broader social context. Differences were found in certain sociodemographic characteristics, whereby women attribute the causes of homelessness more often to the circumstances of a person’s life and the broader social context, while participants with lower socioeconomic status attribute the causes of homelessness more often to structural factors. The results also point out regional differences in attributing the causes of homelessness to different factors. With regard to the attitude towards homeless people, it was found that participants who attribute the causes of homelessness to factors within the broader social context more also perceive homeless people more positively, considering that the state should take greater responsibility in caring for homeless people, and expressing more willingness to help homeless people. The results can contribute to a more effective development and implementation of intervention and policies aimed at sensitising the public regarding the issue and prevention of homelessness. Key words: attribution theory, homelessness, causal attributions, public opinion.
DO CHILDREN WHO LIVE IN POVERTY HAVE EQUAL ACCESS TO EDUCATION? ABSTRACT Growing up in poverty bears numerous risks for children which may have different consequences on their growth and development and affect their adult age. Education is one of key parameters of breaking the cycle of poverty, but educational and social policies still do not recognise to a sufficient extent the importance of investing in targeted measures and services which are directed towards overcoming the barriers these children are faced with. Although according to the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia education should be free and accessible to all, different research and status review of the accessibility of services and other aspects related to educational processes clearly indicate numerous aspects which require substantial material resources. In that sense children who live in poverty are extremely disadvantaged which puts them in an unequal position in comparison with their peers in the education system. The paper presents some obstacles that the children who live in poverty are faced with which additionally contribute to social differences in the education system. Introduction of accessible and universal services and measures into the system of education would contribute to a fairer position of the children of lower socio-economic status and enable their equal participation with other children. Key words: child poverty; right to education; educational inequalities; barriers to education
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