Introduction Low-Back Pain (LBP) is a common public health problem that is often worsened by maladaptive beliefs and disability. Thus, necessitating the need for availability of outcome measures to assess these sequelae among patients with chronic LBP. This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt and determine the psychometric properties of the Yoruba version of the ODI (ODI-Y). Methods The ODI-Y was cross-culturally adapted following the process involving forward translation, synthesis, backward translation, expert review, and pilot testing. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the ODI-Y were determined using the Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation. Other psychometric properties explored included the factor structure, convergent validity, standard error of measurement and the minimal detectable change. Results One hundred and thirty-six patients with chronic LBP took part in the validation of the ODI-Y; 86 of these individuals took part in the test-retest reliability (within 1-week interval) of the translated instrument. The mean age of the respondents was 50.5±10.6years. The ODI-Y showed a high internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha (α) of 0.81. Test-retest of the Yoruba version of the ODI within 1-week interval yielded an Intra-Class Correlation coefficient of 0.89. The ODI-Y yielded a three-factor structure which accounted for 61.56% of the

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Ectopic location of Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (IUCD) or its migration from the normal position in the uterine fundus is a frequently encountered complication. It varies from uterine expulsion to displacement into the endometrial canal to uterine perforation or intravesical migration, which is an extremely rare case. Ultrasonography was used in the diagnoses of this reported case of an ectopic intravesical IUCD.

37Introduction: Low Back Pain is a common public health problem worsened by 38 maladaptive beliefs and incongruent back pain behaviour. It is imperative to develop 39 outcome measures to assess these beliefs among patients with chronic LBP. This study 40 aimed to cross-culturally adapt and determine the psychometric properties of the 41 Yoruba version of the ODI (ODI-Y). 42Methods: The ODI-Y was cross-culturally adapted following the process involving 43 forward translation, synthesis, backward translation, expert review, and pilot testing. 44 One hundred and thirty-six patients with chronic LBP took part in the validation of the 45 ODI-Y; 86 of these individuals took part in the test-retest reliability (within 1-week 46 interval) of the translated instrument. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability of 47 the ODI-Y were determined using the Cronbach's alpha and intra-class correlation. 48 Other psychometric properties explored included the factor structure and fit, convergent 49 validity, standard error of measurement and the minimal detectable change. 50 Results: The mean age of the respondents was 50.5±10.6years. The ODI-Y showed a 51 high internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha (α) of 0.81. Test-retest of the Yoruba 52 version of the ODI within 1-week interval yielded an Intra-Class Correlation coefficient 53 of 0.89. The ODI-Y yielded a two-factor structure which accounted for 51.7% of the 54 variance but showed poor fit. Convergent of ODI-Y with the visual analogue scale was 55 moderate (r=0.30; p=0.00). The standard error of measurement and minimal detectable 56 change of the ODI-Y were 2.0 and 5.5. 57 Conclusions: The ODI was adapted into the Yoruba language and proved to have a 58 good factor structure and psychometric properties that replicated the results of other 59 obtainable versions. We recommend it for use among Yoruba speaking patients with 60 low-back pain. 3 61 62