Background: Carbapenems are the most effective and important therapeutic options to serious infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. However, Carbepenems resistant isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeroginosa are increasing worldwide. This study, therefore, was carried out to determine the resistance pattern of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli to Carbapenems. Methods: Fifty (50) E. coli and forty seven (47) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were studied. Antibiotic Susceptibility test was performed as recommended by the CLSI. The antibiotics used were Ertapenem, Imipenem, Colistin Sulphate, Levofloxacin, and Piperacillin/Tazobactam. Results: Out of 97 clinical isolates subjected to drug susceptibilities test, Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed resistance to Ertapenem (87.2%); followed by Levofloxacin (19.1%), Colistin sulphate (12.8%), Piperacillin/tazobactan (4.3%) and Imipenem (2.1%) while E.coli displayed resistance to Ertapenem (30%), Levofloxacin (20%) and Colistin sulphate (4%). Interestingly, E coli was susceptible to Imipenem (0%) and Piperacillin/tazobactan (0%). A significant effect of Ertapenem on Pseudomonas aeruginosa was recorded. Also a significant effect of Piperacillin/Tazobactam was recorded on E coli. No significant effect was recorded among the other antibiotics on P aeruginosa or E coli. Conclusion: There is a high level of Carbapenems resistance among the clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to Escherichia coli in this study. Considering the therapeutic value of Carbapenems as one of the last options for the treatment of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, rational Carbapenems usage is essential to reduce selective pressure over Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. Correspondance: O.A Ajibade. Adeleke University, P.M.B 250 Ede, Osun State E -Mail: oluwatosin.ajibade@adelekeuniversity.edu.ng RÉSUMÉ Contexte : Carbapénèmes sont les plus efficaces et les options thérapeutiques importants d'infections graves causées par les entérobactéries et Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolats. Cependant, Carbepenems isolats résistants d'entérobactéries et Pseudomonas aeroginosa sont en augmentation dans le monde entier. En conclusion, cette étude a été réalisée pour déterminer le profil de résistance des isolats cliniques de Pseudomonas aeruginosa et Escherichia coli de carbapénèmes.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a pathogen of the Enterobacteriaceae family that causes healthcare-associated infections and has recently emerged as one of the most antibiotic-resistant organisms responsible for outbreaks in both community and healthcare settings. The aim of this study is to determine the resistance pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from selected tertiary hospitals in Osun state, Nigeria. A total of 62 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were obtained from 1056 samples of urine, wound swab, ear swab, eye swab and other collection sites that were routinely submitted to the diagnostic laboratories of the selected tertiaryhospitals. Susceptibility to twelve (12) antibiotics (Oxoid) was determined using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method for the 62 isolates. Rate of resistance to carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, polymyxins, monobactams, cephalosporins, penicillin and phosphonic acid derivative are 29.03%, 47.84%, 29.03%, 46.77%, 50.80%, 93.55%, and 37.10% respectively. The isolates were mostly susceptible to carbapenems, especially, Imipenem with 74.19%. Highest resistance was to Penicillin (93.55%). The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index revealed that 52 (83.87%) out of 62 isolates were multi-drug resistant. Increase in antibiotic resistance continues to be a problem amidst patients infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae which can be most likely attributed to increase in antibiotic misapplication, misuse and abuse which is most prevalent among youths. It is therefore of utmost importance that consistent monitoring of antibiotic resistance be done as it will assist in the appropriate selection of empiric antibiotic treatment in the proper setting.

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Antibiotic is a formidable remedy to infections caused by diverse microbial agents. This assertion is however questioned in the wake of antimicrobial resistance. Fifty clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were obtained from both in and out-patients using standard procedure. The isolates were identified using standard biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each isolate was examined inaccordance to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines using the Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method. The antibiotics used in the study includes: Ciprotab, Colistin-sulphate, Meropenem, Ceftraxone and Cefepine. Out of the clinical isolates obtained, a total of 48 per cent male and 52 per cent females were the population under study. The percentage ratio of in-patient and out-patient examined were 32% to 68 %. The percentage distribution of the administration class for medical and surgical was 34% and 66% respectively. The highest incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was from patients that have undergone cesarean section (28%). Highest susceptibility was observed in Ciprotab (82%) Meropenem (64%) and Ceftraxone (46%). Highest number of resistance was observed against Cefepine and Colistin Sulphate while less than 5 % were resistant to Ciprotab and Meropenem. Meropenem and ciprotab were the two classes of drugs that showed highest activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Commonly used antibiotics must be continuously examined for its efficacy. Anti-microbial susceptibility monitoring is necessary inorder to guide physicians in prescribing the right combinations of anti-microbials to limit and prevent the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains of P. aeruginosa.