Association among biometric traits and characterisation based on sexed-plumage colour of Nigerian locally adapted turkey were investigated using discriminant analysis. Eight morphometric traits were measured to study their phenotypic variations between two plumage colours (Lavender and White). The characters measured were body weight (BW) as well as body dimensions such as wing length (WL), wing span (WS), body length (BL), breast girth (BG), shank length (SL), thigh length (TL) and keel length (KL) taken at 12 weeks of age. The White male turkey was significantly (P < 0.05) heavier and had longer morphometric body traits than its female counterpart, but when compared with the Lavender male and female genotype, the traits did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). High positive and significant (P < 0.05) correlation coefficients were recorded among the various body traits. Coefficients of correlation in Lavender turkey ranged from 0.73 – 0.94, and 0.84 – 0.96 in the White turkey. The highest association with body weight in Lavender was body length (r = 0.80, P < 0.05), and the trio of BW, TL and KL had the stronger association for the White turkey (r = 0.91, P < 0.05). The first, second and third canonical variable or Fisher linear discriminant function explained 52.13 %, 37.48 % and 10.39 %, respectively, of the total variation. The distances between all pair wise were significant (P < 0.05). The greatest distance value (415.16) was between the White male and female turkeys, closely followed by the male White and female Lavender turkey (303.58), while the least distance was between the male and female Lavender. The distance between the populations was significant. It can be concluded that thigh length, breast girth, wing length, wing span and body length can serve as the most discriminating variables in distinguishing between White and Lavender populations.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is probably the worst epidemic the world has experienced in recent times; it has led to drastic, lifesaving, and extraordinary decisions by governments of nations. Among such extraordinary measures is the closure of international borders leading to the cancellation of air travel by commercial airlines. The carbon emissions from air travel affect global warming. To this end, some authors ranked aircraft as if it were a country and compared the volume of carbon emissions generated by air travel to that generated by countries from other sources. Commercial air travel ranked seventh after Germany in terms of carbon emissions. This policy review, therefore, explored the impact of COVID-19 lockdown and travel restrictions on global warming. As a result of lockdown, there is a likelihood of a significant decrease in carbon emissions and global warming. Assuming the estimated global emissions remain constant annually, an estimated 9 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide emissions would be avoided by the end of 2020 provided that the lockdown continues. To accurately measure the value of reduced carbon dioxide emissions during the global lockdown, it is recommended that scientific studies be conducted to estimate the carbon emissions generated by the few aircraft granted waivers to transport essential commodities during the global lockdown and deduct it from the 9 gigatonnes. After the global lockdown, through a travel policy review, governments and organizations are encouraged to restrict physical meetings or activities that involve air travel only to situations where a physical presence is unavoidable.

Introduction: International travelers are exposed to health risks and may transmit infections before, during, or after travel. Travelers are expected to take vaccinations prior to travel. The current study assessed the factors associated with the practice of pre-travel vaccination among travelers departing through Addis Ababa Bole International Airport after their stay in Ethiopia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 670 international travelers. A multistage sampling technique was used to ensure the representativeness of travel destinations. Awareness and practice of pre-travel vaccination were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire distributed at the departure lounges of the airport. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant factors (at P<0.05) associated with pre-travel vaccination status. Median age was reported with its interquartile range (IQR). Results: A total of 639 questionnaires were analyzed given a response rate of 95.4%. The median age of participants was 34 years (IQR 28-41). Five hundred and eighty travelers (90.8%) were aware of pre-travel vaccinations, 531 (83.1%) took vaccinations, and 185 (29.0%) had their vaccination cards checked upon arrival in Ethiopia. The vaccination rate of the three recommended vaccines for all travelers were yellow fever (72.5%); diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT) (21.4%); and influenza (10.8%). Age, marital status, religion, and having vaccination cards checked on previous trips were associated with vaccination status at P values of 0.047, 0.035, <0.001, and 0.002, respectively. Conclusion: The uptake of recommended vaccinations for all travelers, especially DPT and influenza was low. It is pertinent for border health staff to scale up vaccination card inspection at points of entry.