When we see a stranger's face, we quickly form impressions of his or her personality, and expectations of how the stranger might behave. Might these intuitive character judgments bias source monitoring? Subjects read headlines 'reported' by a trustworthy-and an untrustworthy-looking reporter. Subsequently, subjects recalled which reporter provided each headline. Source memory for likely-sounding headlines was most accurate when a trustworthy-looking reporter had provided the headlines. Conversely, source memory for unlikely-sounding headlines was most accurate when an untrustworthy-looking reporter had provided the headlines. This bias appeared to be driven by the use of decision criteria during retrieval rather than differences in memory encoding. Nevertheless, the bias was apparently unrelated to variations in subjective confidence. These results show for the first time that intuitive, stereotyped judgments of others' appearance can bias memory attributions analogously to the biases that occur when people receive explicit information to distinguish sources. We suggest possible real-life consequences of these stereotype-driven source monitoring biases.
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