MicroRNAs are nucleic acids of about twenty nucleotides that regulate about a third of the genome at the post-transcriptional level. Thanks to their different forms of transport, microRNAs are stable and can be detected in biological fluids such as blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, or saliva. In addition, the profile of circulating microRNAs is a specific part of the cells in which it is secreted and is modified according to the physiological or pathological conditions of these cells. MicroRNAs therefore appear as biomarkers of interest for many diseases. However, these applications face several challenges because there are currently considerable differences between the sample processing procedures, assay methods, and especially the result standardization strategies. This literature review aims to take stock of the current use of microRNAs as biomarkers mainly in biological fluids and address the perspectives that emerge from the fact that their vesicular circulating forms could be used to assess the state of the cells and the tissues that produce them.

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La vitamine D a des effets sur l’os qui sont bien connus. Ces dernières années, d’autres effets ont été mis en évidence et les études observationnelles ont noté des associations avec de nombreuses pathologies. Le déficit en cette vitamine est très fréquent. L’évaluation du statut en vitamine D repose sur le dosage de la 25-OHD qui a très récemment fait l’objet d’une standardisation. Alors que l’intérêt de la supplémentation en vitamine D dans le cadre des pathologies osseuses est clairement établi, son intérêt dans le cadre des maladies métaboliques et immunitaires n’est pas encore démontré.

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