* Autor a quien debe ser dirigida la correspondenciaRecibido Abr. 20, 2017; Aceptado Jun. 28, 2017; Versión final Ago. 31, 2017, Publicado Feb. 2018 Resumen La presente investigación muestra los resultados de rendimiento del proceso de extracción de pectina de la cáscara del fruto de maracuyá (Passiflora edulis flavicarpa) asistida por microondas y el contenido de metoxilo de la pectina obtenida. Se usó un diseño completamente aleatorizado con arreglo factorial 3 3 por triplicado, con los siguientes factores: tiempo de extracción, potencia del microondas y concentración de la solución de HCl. Se realizó un análisis de varianza y un test de comparación de medias con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Las condiciones que arrojaron el mayor rendimiento en pectina (68,76%) en base húmeda fueron: tiempo de 100 segundos, potencia de 1000 vatios y concentración de solución de HCl de 0,24 N. Para este tratamiento, el porcentaje del contenido de metoxilo de la pectina obtenida fue del 6,86% (p/p), clasificando a la pectina como de bajo metoxilo. Palabras clave: pectina, metoxilo, extracción, microonda, maracuyá Rapid Extraction of Pectin from Passion Fruit Peel (Passiflora edulis flavicarpa) using Microwave AbstractIn this research, the performance of the microwave-assisted extraction process of pectin from peel of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis flavicarpa) and the methoxyl content of the pectin obtained are shown. A completely randomized design with factorial arrangement 3 3 in triplicate, was employed. The following factors were considered: extraction time, microwave power and concentration of the solution of HCl. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed and a mean comparison test with a significance level of 5% was applied. The results show that the treatment with the highest pectin yield (68,76%), in wet basis, had the following conditions: time of 100 seconds, power of 1000 W and concentration of HCl of 0,24 N. For this treatment, the percentage of the methoxyl content of the pectin obtained was 6,86% (w/w), classifying the pectin as low methoxyl.

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The aim of this research was to measure the effect of maltodextrin and gum Arabic on the rheological behavior of the sapote pulp. The rheological behavior of fruit pulp is modified with the addition of encapsulants which in turn influences the energetic performance of spray drying. In such processes, both maltodextrin and gum arabic are used as encapsulants of fruit pulp and acting as sugars protectors and thus reducing caramelization reactions. The experiment was conducted under a completely randomized design with 2×4 factorial arrangements (Factors: encapsulants and concentration). A Rheometer (AR 1500ex) was used for conducting the flow trials on continuous ramp on the pulp with encapsulants concentrations of 15, 20, 25 and 30% (w/w). Ostwald de Waele's model was adjusted to apparent viscosity data with determination coefficients greater than 0.994, apart from that, the consistency index (k) and the flow behavior index (n) showed significant differences (p≤0.05) between encapsulants and concentrations used. Those n values lower than one characterize the encapsulated pulp as pseudoplastic flow and the presence of hysteresis among the ascending and descending curves indicate that this is time-dependent fluid with thixotropic nature. The apparent viscosity of the pulp increased with the rise in the encapsulants concentration for the same shear rate, being the gum arabic the one with the greater values. Results will contribute to the improvement of the pump systems design of spray dryers.

Objective: To characterize the articulation of milk producers in Córdoba, Colombia. Methods: Descriptive multicast study composed of 11 producers and a dairy cooperative. Surveys and an interview were applied, the information was analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. Results: The dairy cooperative within the production chain performs: milk collection (70% comes from associates), processing and marketing. The purchase criterion is to deliver the milk at low temperature to minimize risks. This contributes to the producer in receiving a benefit in the price of the product. Most dairy farms are medium-sized; they produce milk on average of 4.

<p>Esta investigación buscó determinar la cinética de degradación de la vitamina C en un producto en polvo elaborado a base de pulpa de mango (Mangifera indica L. var. Hilacha) y lactosuero, con el fin de conocer el efecto de la temperatura en su conservación y además evaluar el comportamiento de los parámetros L*, a*, b* y la diferencia total del color (ΔE) en el producto. La vitamina C se determinó mediante el método aoac 967.21/90, con 2,6-diclorofenol indofenol; mientras que el color se cuantificó con un colorímetro Color Flex EZ marca HunterLab. La vitamina C exhibió mayor estabilidad en el producto en polvo almacenado a una temperatura de 4 °C, con una concentración (al término de la octava semana de muestreo) de 13,94 ± 1,2 mg/100 g por muestra, presentando una cinética de degradación de primer orden con valores de k1 de 0,014 y 0,041 mg/100 g/por semana para las temperaturas de 4 °C y 28 °C, respectivamente. Las mayores variaciones en el color se dieron en las muestras almacenadas a 28 °C, lo cual indica la influencia de la temperatura en el cambio de los componentes del producto. Los parámetros L*, a* y b* se vieron menos afectados a la temperatura de conservación de 4 °C y sus valores se ajustaron a un polinomio de segundo orden.</p>