RESUMOForam avaliados doze híbridos comerciais de milho com grãos duros e dentados em dois locais no Centro Sul do Paraná, com o objetivo de estudar o efeito da vitreosidade dos grãos no comportamento agronômico, valor nutricional e na digestibilidade da massa seca dos grãos e da forragem no ponto de ensilagem. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, e a colheita para análise da qualidade da forragem e dos grãos, foi realizada no estádio de ¾ da linha do leite no grão, correspondente ao ponto de ensilagem. Foram avaliadas características produtivas, vitreosidade, digestibilidade dos grãos e da forragem, bem como características bromatológicas dos híbridos avaliados. Houve efeito significativo para locais, híbridos, e para interação híbridos x locais para características de importância para forragem. Por meio da análise da vitreosidade constatou-se genótipos de milho com textura dos grãos, variando de 50,1 a 75,2% demonstrando variabilidade disponível para o caráter em híbridos comerciais. Os híbridos AS 1572PRO e AG 8041PRO de grãos dentados semi dentados, destacaram-se e podem ser recomendados como sendo de elevada produtividade de massa seca digestível.Palavras-chave: grãos dentados, grãos duros, ponto de ensilagem, vitreosidade, Zea mays Bromatological characteristics of the grain and forage of corn hybrids with different grains textures ABSTRACTWere evaluated twelve commercial corn hybrids with hard and dent grains in two locals in South Central of Paraná State, South Region, Brazil, with the objective of study the effect of the vitreousness of the grains in agronomic behavior, nutritional value and digestibility dry mass of grains and forage, at the silage maturity. The experimental design was randomize blocks, and the harvest for forage and gains quality analysis was performed at the ¾ of the milk line stage in grain, corresponding at silage maturity. Were evaluated yield characteristics, vitreousness, digestibility of grains and forage, as well as bromatological characteristics of the evaluated hybrids. There was significant effect to locals, hybrids and to interaction hybrids x locals, in important forage quality characteristic. The vitreousness analyses possibly to verify corn genotypes with grains textures ranging from 50.1 to 75.2%, showing variability available for the character in commercial hybrids. The hybrids AS 1572PRO and AG 8041PRO, with dent and semi dent grains, stood out and can be recommended as high productivity of digestible dry matter.
Resumo: Os biorreguladores são produtos relativamente novos no mercado e sua utilização vem gradativamente aumentando na agricultura. Porém, há poucos trabalhos científicos que denotam a eficiência de utilização desses produtos no tratamento de sementes e via aplicação foliar para a cultura do trigo no Brasil. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a eficiência agronômica de um biorregulador comercial à base de auxina, citocinina e giberelina no tratamento de sementes e/ou aplicado via foliar em diferentes estádios fenológicos na cultivar de trigo Quartzo. As aplicações foliares foram realizadas nos estádios fenológicos de perfilhamento, florescimento e em ambos estádios perfilhamento e florescimento. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo, no sistema de plantio direto, onde, anteriormente, havia sido cultivado milho no verão, no município de Guarapuava, PR. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições, sendo avaliado, após o ponto de maturidade fisiológica, as seguintes características agronômicas: número de perfilhos, número de espigas, número de grãos por espiga, peso hectolitro, peso de 1000 grãos e produtividade de grãos. O biorregulador à base de auxina, citocinina e giberelina aumenta a produtividade de grãos, quando aplicado de forma conjunta, via sementes e aplicação foliar, sendo mais efetivo no florescimento. Palavras-chave: Florescimento. Perfilhamento. Regulador vegetal. Triticum aestivum L.Abstract: Bioregulators are relatively recent products on the market, and their use in agriculture has been slowly increasing. However, there are few scientific studies that show the efficiency of using these products in the treatment of seeds and in foliar application on the wheat crop in Brazil. The objective of this study therefore, was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of a commercial auxin, cytokinin and gibberellin-based bioregulator, in the treatment of seeds and/or in foliar application at different growth stages in the Quartzo cultivar of wheat. Foliar application was carried out at the phenological stages of tillering and flowering, and at both tillering and flowering. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in a system of direct planting in the municipality of Guarapuava, PR, where maize had previously been cultivated during the summer. A randomised-block design was used, with five replications, with the following agronomic characteristics being evaluated after the point of physiological maturity: number of tillers, number of ears, number of grains per ear, hectolitre weight, 1000-grain weight and grain productivity. The auxin, cytokinin and gibberellin-based bioregulator increases grain productivity when applied jointly to the seeds and to the leaves, being more effective at the flowering stage.
Reductions of nitrogen losses applied in coverage on the wheat crop is a necessity in the national wheat production, this advanced can increase grains yield, and for this, the use of nitrogen sources enriched with urease inhibitors can be a alternative for producers. In this context the objective of this study was to verify the different nitrogen fertilizers efficiency, with and without urease inhibitors, in coverage on the wheat crop and its effects on the expression of agronomics traits. The experiment was conducted in Guarapuava on the season of 2012, in the Experimental Camp of the Agronomy Department of the Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste of Paraná-UNICENTRO. The used design was of randomized blocks with five replications, in 3x2 factorial, being 3 traits of nitrogen coverage (control treatment, conventional urea and urea with urease inhibitor-NBPT), and 2 wheat cultivars (Mirante ® e BRS Pardela ®). There was significant difference between traits with nitrogen fertilizer for the assessed characteristics: Tillers number (NP), grains number for ears (GE), weight of a thousand grains (P1000) and grains yield (PROD). The results of this study allow to conclude that there was increase in the wheat grains yield when associated to the used coverage fertilizer with uerase inhibitor NBPT (200 kg ha-1-90 kg N), in face of the other evaluated treatments. The urea with urease inhibitor NBPT provided higher weight of a thousand grains when compared with conventional urea, being the result dependent of the evaluated cultivar.
RESUMO -O objetivo desde estudo foi avaliar o potencial de linhagens (S2) de milho em cruzamentos topcrosses,usando como testador uma linhagem-elite. Foram conduzidos quatro experimentos, dois na região Centro-Sul do Paraná e dois na região Noroeste de Minas Gerais. Em cada experimento foram avaliados 121 tratamentos, sendo 108 híbridos topcrosses de linhagens S2 cruzadas com uma linhagem-elite testadora e 13 híbridos comerciais (testemunhas). O delineamento utilizado foi o látice triplo 11x11. As parcelas foram compostas de uma linha com 5 metros, espaçamento de 0,80 metros entre linhas com população de 62.500 plantas por hectare. Foram avaliadas as características agronômicas altura de planta (AP) e espiga (AE), produtividade e estabilidade produtiva de grãos (PG). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância individual e conjunta, estabilidade e adaptabilidade (Annicchiarico) utilizando o programa GENES; as médias foram agrupadas pelo teste de Scott Knott a 5% de probabilidade. Para AP e AE, houve interação genótipos x ambientes significativa. A linhagem-elite utilizada como testadora foi eficiente na discriminação do mérito relativo das linhagens S2 em cruzamentos topcrosses. As linhagens S2 cujas combinações híbridas em topcrosses com o testador apresentaram elevado potencial genético deverão ser avançadas no programa de melhoramento. Os híbridos topcrosses HTC 11, HTC 15, HTC 44, HTC 52, HTC 56, HTC 72 e HTC 86 apresentaram boa produtividade de grãos e estabilidade em todos os ambientes estudados. Palavras-chave: Zea mays, Annicchiarico, produtividade de grãos, adaptabilidade, estabilidade fenotípica. EVALUATION OF CORN S 2 LINES IN TOPCROSSES WITH ELITE LINE TESTERABSTRACT -The objective was to evaluate the potential of partly inbred lines (S 2 ) of corn in topcrosses, using an elite inbred line as a tester. Four experiments were conducted, two in the south center region of Paraná State and two in the northwest region of Minas Gerais State. We evaluated 121treatments in each experiment, i.e. , 108 topcrosses hybrids from S 2 lines crossed with a tester inbred line and 13 commercial hybrids (checks). The genotyps were evaluated in triple lattice design 11x11. The plots were composed of a line with 5 meters spacing of 0.80 meters between lines with a population of 62,500 plants per hectare. We evaluated the agronomic characteristics plant height and ear , grain yield and stability and adaptability of grain yield. Data were subjected to individual and joint analysis of variance, and stability and adaptability (Annicchiarico) using the GENES program. The means were grouped by the Scott Knott test at 5% probability. For plant height and ear height, there was significant genotypes x environments interaction. The elite inbred line used as tester was efficient in the discrimination of the relative merits of S 2 lines in topcrosses . The S 2 partly inbred lines whose had high genetic potential in topcrosses should be advanced in the breeding program. The topcrosses hybrids, HTC 11, HTC 15, HTC 44, HTC 52, HTC ...
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