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This study aims to identify the level of knowledge outcome in the exercise physiology and physical fitness of basketball coaches for the excellent clubs and the coaches of professional football clubs in Jordan, as well as to spot the difference of the cognitive outcome among coaches with some variables. The study sample consisted of (30) managers within the high level of the Premier Leagues for basketball and (47) for football coaches, were chosen randomly. The researchers used the cognitive outcome as a tool to combine different studies. The study concluded that the cognitive outcome of both coaches of the two games in the physiology of exercise, were at the very weak level, and in the field of physical fitness they were at the weak level. The researchers recommended that the training courses, should focus on the two fields of physiology, exercise physiology and physical fitness should be given greater concern, and importance during these courses and seminars, as well as the necessity of educating the trainers of the importance of being informed of all that is new and modern in the field of sciences related to modern sports training, the most important of which is the physiological aspects and physical fitness and that it be among the preparation plans. هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على مستوى الحصيلة المعرفية في فسيولوجيا الجهد البدني واللياقة البدنية لدى مدربي كرة السلة للأندية الممتازة ومدربي الأندية المحترفة لكرة القدم في الأردن .تكونت عينة الدراسة من (30)مدربا بكرة السلة و(47) مدربا لكرة القدم ، تم اختيارهم بالطريقة العشوائية ، وقد استخدم الباحثون الاختبار المعرفي كأداةً لجمع بيانات الدراسة . وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أن الحصيلة المعرفية لدى مدربي كلا اللعبتين في فسيولوجيا الجهد البدني كانت في المستوى الضعيف جدا ، وفي مجال اللياقة البدنية كانت في المستوى الضعيف . و أوصى الباحثون بضرورة التركيز في الدورات التدريبية الخاصة بكلتا اللعبتين على مجالي فسيولوجيا الجهد البدني واللياقة البدنية خلال تلك الدورات والندوات، وكذلك ضرورة توعية المدربين بأهمية الإطلاع على كل ما هو جديد وحديث في مجال العلوم المرتبطة بالتدريب الرياضي الحديث واهمها النواحي الفسيولوجية واللياقة البدنية وان تكون من ضمن خطط الإعداد .

The use of prepared endotracheal tubes (PETTs) for unanticipated difficult intubation is common. However, the storage time of PETTs is highly variable and institution dependent since there is no standardized protocol. We sought to determine firstly if open, unused PETTs are a potential source of pathogenic microorganisms and secondly if PETTs can provide a medium for bacterial survival after deliberate contamination. M ME ET TH HO OD DS S An intubating stylet was inserted into a 7mm ETT and this system was ethylene oxide sterilized. The PETTs were placed in twenty different locations, including 14 operating rooms, 4 labour and delivery suites and 2 epidural carts. In phase one, the PETTs (n=20) were sampled at time zero, 24, 48 and 72 hours, and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. The presence or absence of growth was determined after 48 hours incubation and the microorganism identified. For phase two, the distal end of the PETT (n=40) was swabbed with a fresh suspension of H. influenzae, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, E. faecium or a negative control. The sampling and culturing of the PETTs was repeated as described in phase one. R RE ES SU UL LT TS S Non-virulent bacteria were cultured from 13 of 160 (8.1%) samples and from 15 of 320 (4.7%) samples in phases one and two respectively. No PETT grew the same bacteria more than once. In phase two, E. faecium was consistently recovered from the PETTs throughout the one month period. After 24 hours, the other three microorganisms were not recovered. D DI IS SC CU US SS SI IO ON N Our findings suggest that the pathogenic potential of open, unused PETTs is very low. The practice of storing PETTs as backup airway equipment for a period up to four weeks carries minimal risk of bacterial contamination. Based on this study PETTs can be safely used for up to one month. This practice could translate to significant cost reduction for operating room budgets.

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