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Background and objective: The aim of this study was to assess radiographically the angulations and depth of impacted mandibular third molars. Methods: In a retrospective study 163 impacted mandibular third molars of 100 patients were examined on orthopantomograms (OPT) in the College of Dentistry/ Hawler Medical University during 2008. From these orthopantomograms the angulations (mesioangular, distoangular, vertical, and horizontal) and the depth (types A, B, and C) of the impacted mandibular third molars were recorded. The frequencies of unilateral and bilateral impaction were also recorded. Results: The average age of the patients was 26.5 + 5 ranging from 20-40 years with a median of 25 years. Fifty eight (58%) of the cases were female and 42 (42%) were male. The frequency of mesioangular, distoangular, vertical and horizontal impactions were 73 (44.8%), 37 (22.6%), 28 (17.2%), and 25(15.4%) successively. The depths of the impactions were 45 (27.6%) depth A, 74 (45.4%) depth B, and 44 (27%) depth C.The frequency of unilateral impaction was 26 (26%) and that of bilateral impaction was 74 (74%). Conclusion: Impacted mandibular third molars are more common in female. Mesioangular impaction is more common followed by distoangular. Depth B most common and most of the patients have bilateral impaction.

Background and objective: Flapless implant surgery has been suggested as a suitable treatment technique for implant placement, but limited information exists regarding the clinical conditions after flapless implant surgery. This study aimed to compare flapless implant surgery with traditional flap implant surgery clinically and radiographically. Methods: Sixty patients (23 males and 37 females) participated in the present study. The patients were divided into two groups, in the Group 'A' 30 implants were placed by traditional flap surgery and in Group 'B' 30 implants were placed by flapless implant surgery (punch technique). Clinical and radiographic examinations were carried out to assess the implants condition. Clinical examination included implant mobility which was assessed by using universal torque ratchet at the end of healing period (6 months). The periapical radiograph was carried out to assess marginal bone loss around the implants at three and six months after implantation. Results: Two implants failure were reported; one implant for each of the Group 'A' and 'B'. There was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to the marginal bone resorption (P = 0.487). The success rate for both groups was 96.6%. The study showed a non-significant relation of age and gender with the success rate. Conclusion:The flapless implant surgery could offer advantages over the classic protocol and should have the potential to increase the patients' acceptance of the procedure.