This paper proposes a bat-optimized fuzzy controller with fractional-order (FO) adaptive supertwisting sliding mode control (ASTSMC) applied to fuel cell/battery hybrid power system for the vehicular application, which can improve the economy and durability of the fuel cell system. The proposed energy management strategy is developed based on the bat-optimized fuzzy controller with fractional-order adaptive supertwisting sliding mode control (bat-fuzzy with FO-ASTSMC). The main objective of the proposed bat-fuzzy with FO-ASTSMC scheme is to provide an optimal output power of the fuel cell system and battery as well as to stabilize the DC bus voltage. The bat optimization algorithm is employed to obtain optimal parameters of fuzzy membership functions with minimization of the equivalent cost function, considering the fuel cell degradation model. Then, FO-ASTSMC control loops are proposed to control the fuel cell and battery currents to follow their given reference values. The stability of the proposed FO-ASTSMC via a closed-loop system is theoretically verified using the Lyapunov theory. The forward simulation model of the fuel cell/battery hybrid power system is established on MATLAB/Simulink, and the highway fuel economy driving cycle (HWFET) and federal test procedure driving cycle (FTP) are used for investigation. The findings show that the proposed bat-fuzzy-FO-ASTSMC provides minimum total hydrogen consumption (0.0613 kg under HWFET, 0.0739 kg under FTP) compared to the particle swarm optimization-Fuzzy-FO-ASTSMC (0.070 97 kg under HWFET, 0.092 37 kg under FTP) and the state machine strategy (0.081 25 kg under HWFET, 0.1094 kg under FTP). The proposed bat-fuzzy-FO-ASTSMC scheme not only minimizes the hydrogen consumption but can also improve the efficiency of fuel cell system. In addition, the proposed FO-ASTSMC scheme was obtained better-tracking performance with less fluctuation compared to the standard supertwisting sliding mode control (STSMC).

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