Purpose of review-Positive airway pressure therapy (PAP) is commonly prescribed treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Traditionally, the determination of the optimal pressure for treatment of sleep-disordered breathing was made by manual titration of the device by a sleep technician in attendance during polysomnography. However, the advent of alternative methods for determination of optimal PAP -such as auto-titrating PAP (APAP) -has seen tremendous growth over the past decade. The purpose of this review is to improve our understanding of the currently available alternative methods for titration of PAP in patients with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) with special emphasis on obstructive sleep apnea.Recent Findings-Recent prospective-randomized studies of alternative methods of titration suggest that pressure determinations made by such devices are comparable to traditional manual titrations made in the sleep laboratory. Obstacles to the adoption of such alternative modes of titration into day-to-day practice may be attributable to issues surrounding appropriate patient selection, differences between devices, re-imbursement policies of third party payors, consensus amongst sleep experts, and individual physicians' practice patterns and volumes. While newer generations and types of auto-titrating PAP devices are entering the sleep field constantly, providers' knowledge and time availability remain limiting factors.Summary-There is tremendous growth in the technology and scientific evidence in support of alternative modes of PAP titration for sleep-disordered breathing, but barriers to implementation remain.

No abstract

No abstract

HIV can be associated with cardiovascular complications. We highlight unusual presentation of HIV patient with MI and stroke. 30 year old HIV male presented with MI complicated by stroke. Recovered within 5 days with anti-ischemic and diuretics. Screening tests for unusual presentations prevent fatal complications of common diseases.

Introduction: As it is a disseminated disease, HIV infection can be associated with significant cardiovascular and neurological complications; however, this commonly occurs late. Here, we highlight the unusual initial presentation of HIV infection, which is myocardial infarction complicated by stroke.Case Presentation: A 30 years old male with a clear medical background presented with severe chest pain with evidence of ischemia on ECG and positive serum troponin. he received anti-ischemic drugs, and was prepared for coronary angiography with routine investigations tested positive for HIV; however, his condition was later complicated by stroke. Conclusion: The presentation of acute coronary syndrome in a young patient should raise suspicion of uncommon causes and needs prompt evaluation from digging up in history, detailed examination and investigations with close follow-up to prevent the complications that may occur. on the other hands known HIV Patients should be screened periodically with electrocardiogram