The Sciatic Nerve after originating from sacral plexus leaves the pelvis through the lower part of greater sciatic foramen into the gluteal region and divides into two components at any level from its origin to its usual division inside the upper part of popliteal fossa. The Present study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy Government Medical College Srinagar to study the variations in the level of division of the sciatic nerve during usual dissection for academic purposes. Both lower limbs of a middle aged formalin preserved Indian male cadaver were dissected out for routine teaching and simultaneously recording observations. It was observed that the left sided sciatic nerve divided into its two components inside the pelvis. The tibial and common peroneal nerves after leaving through greater sciatic foramen sandwiched piriformis muscle in the gluteal region. The common peroneal nerve passed above the piriformis where as the tibial nerve passed inferior to this muscle. The sciatic nerve on the other side of this cadaver followed the normal anatomical course. The higher division of sciatic nerve inside the pelvis though rare is of great academic and clinical significance in Neurology, General Surgery, Orthopaedics, Anaesthesiology, Sports medicine and physiotherapy. The knowledge of this variation is also important for paramedics who frequently give intramuscular injections into the gluteal region.

The third root of median nerve though rare has definite embryological basis and clinical impact. The Present study was conducted in the postgraduate Department of Anatomy at Government Medical College Srinagar to study the variations in the number of roots of median nerve during routine dissection for academic purposes between 2001 -20014. Both upper limbs of 35 Indian cadavers were dissected out for routine anatomic teaching and simultaneously recording observations. It was observed that in one of the female cadavers the left median nerve had three roots (one medial and two lateral). The two lateral roots originated from the lateral cord and the medial root originated from medial cord of brachial plexus. The third root originated between the origins of the lateral root and the musculocutaneous nerve from lateral cord of brachial plexus. This anomalous root joined with the median nerve distal to the lateral root in the proximal third of arm. The third root of median nerve though rare is of great academic and clinical significance in Surgery, Neurophysiology, Orthopedics, Anaesthesiology, Sports medicine and Physiotherapy.

A very sound knowledge of variations of head and neck veins is important for General practitioners, plastic surgeons, interventional radiologists, internists and maxillofacial surgeons. Anatomic variations have a definite embryological basis and manifest their clinical impact. The Present study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy Government Medical College Srinagar to observe the variations in the pattern of superficial veins of head and neck. The aim of this study was to make clinicians academically wiser and more competent while dealing with these veins during surgery and other interventional procedures. Bilateral neck dissection of a formalin preserved middle aged male cadaver was done for routine Cadaveric anatomy teaching and simultaneously observations regarding the pattern of superficial veins of face and neck were recorded. It was observed that anomalous superficial veins were present in one cadaver on left side. The anomalous pattern of superficial veins of neck though rare is of great academic and clinical significance in plastic surgery, Otorhinology, Maxillofacial Surgery, Critical care medicine, interventional radiology and General Medicine. These variations should be kept in mind during surgery and other interventional procedures in this region.

The parotid gland with two ducts is a rare anomaly and very few cases have been reported in the literature. The Present study was conducted in the postgraduate Department of Anatomy at Government Medical College Srinagar to study the variations in the pattern and number of ducts of parotid gland during routine dissection for academic purposes between 2001 -20014. Both parotid glands of 36 Indian cadavers were dissected out for routine anatomic teaching and simultaneously recording observations. In this study we also included 10 formalin preserved specimens of parotid gland. It was observed that in one of the cadavers two ducts emerged from the anterior border of right parotid gland. These ducts D1 (superior) and D2 (inferior) joined after crossing the anterior border of the masseter muscle and formed a common duct (D3) in the form of letter 'Y', which pierced the buccal pad of fat, buccopharngeal fascia, buccinator muscle and mucous membrane before opening inside the vestibule of mouth. This anomalous duct pattern though rare is of great academic and clinical significance in Otorhinology, Maxillofacial and Plastic surgery, where it may explain the occurrence of post traumatic/iatrogenic parotid fistulas and need for preoperative sialography during surgical procedures of this region.

The present study was conducted in the department of Anatomy Government Medical College Srinagar to observe the effect of graded doses of estrogen benzoate on the microanatomy of adrenal gland in female Albino rats by giving variable doses of estrogen to these animals for variable periods. Sixty female albino rats weighing on an average 100gms were used for this study. The animals taken from animal house of Government Medical College Srinagar were divided randomly into three groups. Group A served as control, Group B and C received daily low and high doses of estrogen benzoate diluted in coconut oil respectively. From each group animals were sacrificed at intervals of one, three, six and twelve weeks.5-6 micrometer thick histological sections of adrenal gland were cut, fixed on glass slides and stained with Haematoxyline & Eosin. Microscopic changes in the adrenal gland were recorded. It was observed that estrogen benzoate produces dose and duration dependent histopathological changes in the adrenal gland of female albino rats in the form of thickening of the glandular capsule, dilatation and congestion of sinusoids both in the cortex and medulla of the gland.