The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of mouthwashes containing hydrogen peroxide compared with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) gel. Fifty enamel-dentin samples were obtained from bovine incisors and then stained in a tea solution. The stained samples were randomly divided into five groups according to the whitening product applied (n = 10): AS: no whitening (negative control), with the samples stored in artificial saliva; CR: Crest 3D White mouthwash; LS: Listerine Whitening mouthwash; SC: Scope White mouthwash; and OP group: 10% CP Opalescence PF (positive control). Color measurements were carried out with a spectrophotometer before staining, after staining, and on the 7th, 28th, and 56th day of the whitening period. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance followed by a Tukey post hoc test. The color change (ΔE) was significantly greater in all the groups compared to that of the AS group. After 56 days, no significant differences were found among the mouthwash products with respect to color change (P > 0.05). The whiteness of the teeth treated with the mouthwashes increased significantly over time. Nevertheless, the color change achieved with the mouthwashes was significantly lower than that achieved with the 10% CP at-home bleaching gel.

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Objectives: This in vitro study assessed the effect of different lightcuring units on the elution of monomers from bulk fill composites with different thicknesses. Methods: Five bulk fill composites (Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable, SonicFill 2, SDR, and Venus Bulk Fill) and one conventional composite (Filtek Z250) were selected for the study. The cylindrical specimens in thickness of 2 mm or 4 mm were prepared and photopolymerized for 20 s with a light-emitting diode (VALO Cordless) or a halogen (Monitex BlueLuxer) light-curing unit. The specimens in glass vials were covered with a 75% ethanol/water solution. Ethanol/water extraction solutions were collected for high-performance liquid chromatography analysis after 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days. The data were analyzed with repeated measures and three-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). Results: The total monomer amount was significantly influenced by light-curing source used and thickness. The highest levels of Bis-GMA and Bis-EMA were eluted from Tetric N-Ceram BulkFill and Venus Bulk Fill, respectively. SonicFill 2 released the highest level of TEGDMA at 4-mm thickness. The highest levels of UDMA release, from 4-mm-thick Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable, were attained using the halogen unit. Conclusions: Light-curing sources affected the number of monomers released by materials. The amount of eluted monomers declined over time. The increased ratio of released monomers to increased thickness is material dependent. The number of residual monomers is highly associated with the resin ratio and crosslinking network of the composites.

Background: Weight in individuals can affect the saliva structure, which has an essential role in caries prevention. Aim: This meta-analysis aimed to compare individuals with obesity (OB)/overweight (OW) and normal weight (NW) in terms of salivary flow rate (SFR), salivary pH (SpH), salivary buffer capacity (SBC). Materials and Methods: After electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Open Grey databases) were screened, studies were selected depending on inclusion criteria. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to assess the risk of bias in individual studies. Mean differences (MD) were used to measure the effect estimates in the comparisons of OB vs NW, OW vs NW, and OB+OW vs NW. Additional analyzes such as subgroup, moderator, sensitivity, and grade were also performed. Results: 24 studies and 2072 participants (SFR: 748 OB, 896 NW, SpH: 137 OB, 166 NW, SBC: 62 OB, 63 NW) were included in the quantitative synthesis. Significantly lower SFR was found in the group with OB compared to NW when saliva was stimulated (MD = -0.21, 95% CI [-0.30, -0.12], P < 0.001), but no significance was obtained when saliva was unstimulated (MD = -0.02, 95% CI [-0.11, 0.06], P = 0.55). No significant difference was found in the group with OB compared to NW in SpH (MD = -0.07, 95% CI [-0.26,0.12], P = 0.48) and SBC (MD = -1.10, 95% CI [-2.29,0.09], P = 0.07). Conclusions: SFR significantly decreases in individuals with OB, notably when saliva is stimulated. Besides, the decrease in SFR is much more prominent in adolescence and adulthood than in childhood. Furthermore, the increase in the severity of OB causes a much greater decrease in SFR. However, regarding SpH and SBC, no significant association exists.

To examine the factors affecting the decision-making of direct pulp capping procedures amongst Turkish dental practitioners. Methods: A total of 378 Turkish dentists participated in the survey. The questionnaire comprised three sections. The first part comprised questions regarding demographic features. The second part comprised; questions on how treatment plans change according to factors such as pulp perforation position, number, size, how it occurred, and patient age. The third part composed of questions on the common materials and techniques used in pulp capping treatment. Descriptive statistics was calculated using Pearson's χ 2 test, and the risk assessments of factors affecting the choice of pulp capping decision were computed using logistic regression analysis. Results: 85.18% of participants preferred the pulp capping treatment. When the perforation size was >1 mm, males and university dentists decided more pulp capping treatments than females and private dentists respectively did (P<0.05). While the perforation size factor changed the dentists' decision most (OR=6.85), the patient's age factor least altered the choice (OR=1.38). Gender did not affect the decision of technique and material (P>0.05), but workplace and experience affected the choice of material (P<0.05). Technique did not affect the decision (P>0.05). Conclusion: Turkish dentists prefer invasive treatments when risk factors in pulp capping treatment increase. The possible cause may be to reduce the rate of unsuccessful treatment; thus, ensure the continuity of patient confidence.