No abstract

Echinacea is valuable for its pharmaceutical, medicinal and agricultural properties. Flowers and leaves of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench and Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. were extracted with methanol, filtered, and solvents were removed by rotary evaporator to get four separate extracts. The flowers and leaves of both plants were boiled in water then extracted with ethyl acetate to achieve another four extracts. Quantifications of chemical constituents of extracts were determined by TOF-LC/MS. The main compound of methanol extracts of E. purpurea and E. pallida leaves and flowers was cichoric acid. Caffeic acid was the chief compound of water extracts of both plant leaves and flowers. The antioxidant activities including DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS cation radical scavenging and reducing power were assayed and structure-activity relationships were postulated. Water extracts of both Echinaceae species of flowers and leaves revealed excellent antioxidant activities. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSEchinacea, which is a medicinal and aromatic plant, has been used for traditional medicine in many countries. The water extract of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench and Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. exhibited excellent antioxidant activities; therefore, these Echinacea species can be used as natural agents in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Mint has been used extensively in traditional medicines, spices, and herbal teas throughout the world. Isolation of flavonoids from Mentha spicata and quantification of these compounds in selected clones of Turkish mints landraces were achieved. M. spicata was dried in shade and then boiled in water. After filtration, the aqueous extract was partitioned with ethyl acetate. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to yield the extract, subjected to silica gel column chromatography to isolate 5-demethyl sinensetin (1), hesperidin (2), didymin (3), and linarin (4), the structures of which were elucidated by 1D NMR, 2D NMR, and LC-TOF/MS. The isolated compounds were employed as standard flavonoids to determine the quantitative variations in cultivated Turkish mint landraces belonging to Mentha × piperita L., M. spicata L., and M. × villosonervata Opiz by HPLC. The quantities of hesperidin (2), didymin (3), and linarin (4) in M. spicata were found as 11.83, 3.85, and 42.21 mg/g dried plant weight (DW), respectively, while that of 5-demethyl sinensetin (1) in M. villosonervata was 2.9 mg/g DW. Consisting of pharmaceutically valuable compounds, M. spicata and cultivated Turkish mint landraces could be a source of 5-demethyl sinensetin (1), hesperidin (2), didymin (3), and linarin (4).

Within the limits of this study, commercial CLA product administration in addition to diet significantly reduced alveolar bone loss, increased osteoblastic activity and decreased osteoclastic activity in the diabetic Wistar rats.

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the chemical constituents and antioxidant potential of Santolina chamaecyparissus polyphenolic extract (SCPE). Materials and Methods: The extract containing phenolic compounds, was extracted with ethyl acetate and luteolin-7-O-glucoside was separated and purified using flash chromatography on silica gel column. This isolated compound was identified according to its physicochemical properties and spectral data (UV, LC-TOF-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 2D NMR). In vitro antioxidant activity of the isolated compound and SCPE was investigated using DPPH•, ABTS+, reducing power, superoxide anion radical scavenging and β-carotene bleaching assays.