Introduction Extraction of teeth is followed by resorption of the residual alveolar ridge that continues throughout life resulting in loss of alveolar height and width. Of the numerous techniques that have been used to arrest post extraction alveoloar ridge resorption, the placement of a graft material inside the socket immediately after extraction has been mostly followed. Type 1 collagen is one of the commonly used graft material that prevent resorption by providing dimensional stability to the socket.Bisphosphonates are an anti-osteoclastic drug that prevent resorption by disrupting the membrane ruffling of the osteoclasts. Alendronate a bisphosphonate, is primarily used in diseases with bone loss. It has been used to reduce active bone resorption significantly without interfering with bone mineralization and quality. The need for the study is to examine the inhibitory effect of alendronate on residual ridge resorption when applied locally in combination with type I collagen on alveolar bone immediately following tooth extraction. Materials and Methods Twenty patients with age between 30 and 65 years were selected from the out patient department of The Oxford Dental College and Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups. In the first group after extraction of teeth from premolar to midline the sockets were irrigated with saline and sutured. On the left side type I collagen sponge was placed and sutured. In the other group the right side was treated the same way after extraction as in first group where as in the left side sockets type I collagen soaked in 20 mg/ml of alendronate was placed and sutured. Patients were evaluated clinically for any local irritation as well as radiologically with orthopantomograph X-rays were taken immediately after the extraction, 1 month after extraction and 4 months after extraction to determine the amount of bone loss prevented. Results The statistically significant bone loss prevented by the collagen alone was 22.8 % and in collagen with alendronate group was 44.38 % at the end of 4 months. Conclusion Type I collagen soaked with alendronate when placed in the socket immediately after extraction of teeth prevents post-extraction alveolar ridge resorption.
ObjectivesThe increased prevalence of antibiotic resistance is an outcome of evolution. Most patients presenting with odontogenic space infections also have associated systemic co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus resulting in impaired host defense. The present study aims to compare the odontogenic spaces involved, antibiotic susceptibility of microorganisms, length of hospital stay, and the infl uence of systemic comorbidities on treatment outcome in diabetic patients.Materials and MethodsA 2-year prospective study from January 2012 to January 2014 was conducted on patients with odontogenic maxillofacial space infections. The patients were divided into two groups based on their glycemic levels. The data were compiled and statistically analyzed.ResultsA total of 188 patients were included in the study that underwent surgical incision and drainage, removal of infection source, specimen collection for culture-sensitivity, and evaluation of diabetic status. Sixty-one out of 188 patients were found to be diabetic. The submandibular space was the most commonly involved space, and the most prevalent microorganism was Klebsiella pneumoniae in diabetics and group D Streptococcus in the nondiabetic group.ConclusionThe submandibular space was found to be the most commonly involved space, irrespective of glycemic control. Empiric antibiotic therapy with amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid combined with metronidazole with optimal glycemic control and surgical drainage of infection led to resolution of infection in diabetic as well as nondiabetic patients. The average length of hospital stay was found to be relatively longer in diabetic individuals.
Objectives1. To evaluate the efficacy of two plating system in comparison with single plating system 2. To study the biomechanical behaviour of single and two plating system when compression load is applied. Materials and Methods
Salivary gland neoplasms account for 2-3 % of all neoplasms occurring in the head and neck region. Pleomorphic adenoma is a mixed benign neoplasm mainly affecting the major salivary gland of which parotid is the most common. It may also affect the minor salivary glands and present as an intraoral mass over the palate or lip. We hereby report a case of pleomorphic adenoma of the hard palate. An effort has also been put into reviewing the existing literature on this entity.
Steganography is the technique that hides any data behind other data. Many different carrier file formats can be used but digital images are the most popular ones because of their frequency on the Internet. Steganography are of four typestext, image, audio and video. There are many Steganography techniques for hiding secret information in images. A survey of image steganography is done here and all the techniques to hide a secret image behind an cover image are described.
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