In recent times, the continent of Africa has found itself at the crossroads caused by economic recession, criminality, corruption and ineptitude leadership that has led to national insecurity and poverty. It is the better time now to join forces in searching for solutions to address the multifaceted challenges facing sustainable development in Africa. The study, therefore, examines the challenges of policy implementation in Africa and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with a particular reference to Nigeria. In doing this, a survey study was carried out, and a questionnaire administered while chi-square was used to test the hypotheses. All the data obtained were computer processed through Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS). Key informant interview was also carried out. The study discovers that Nigeria and most countries in Africa have entered economic recessions because of policy implementation challenges such as unrealistic goal setting, political patronage, neglect of target beneficiaries and lack of consideration of policy environment. The study recommends that Africa should set policy goals that are implementable. The SDGs should be reviewed by African countries to domesticate the goals with environmental considerations properly. Africa should do more to check corruption.Policies designed for implementation by the Federal government in Nigeria should include the state and local government contents. There should be the participation of the target beneficiaries in any policy design to better their lives. These will ensure ownership and avoid sabotage. With these, SDGs will make the significant impact in Africa.

This study examined the effect of fiscal allocation on intergovernmental relations in Nigeria's fourth republic. Sharing of accrued revenue among the tiers of government is not new in many countries of the world, especially those practising federalism as a system of government. The issue of fiscal allocation has posed major concern that affects political, economic and social relations among the levels of government. The share of the revenue from the sale of crude oil in Nigeria has caused unending conflicts among the tiers of government. In discussing the issues under consideration, this paper adopts an exploratory method of analysis with materials source from journals, articles, books, internet, etc. empirical data also made use where appropriate. The findings of this paper revealed that the formula for sharing revenue in Nigeria cannot address problems of fiscal federalism and intergovernmental relations among the three tiers of governments. This paper, therefore, suggests among others, that there should be constitutional amendments, which will give the component units sovereign to utilize their resources discretionally without the interference of the centre.Contribution/Originality: The paper's primary contributions from the finding are that states and local governments should have a certain level of control on their resources and improve the internally generated revenue.Centralized fiscal federalism should be modified through constitutional means. Fiscal decentralization and financial autonomy should be encouraged where tiers of government in Nigeria will have sovereignty over resources in their domain without interferences. INTRODUCTIONThe sharing formula among levels of government has attracted unending conflict majorly in some federal practising countries. Some of these countries include Brazil, South-Africa, Nigeria, etc. The reasons for recurring loggerheads among the tiers of government in these countries are; inequality in sharing of national resources among the tiers, delay in allocating resources to the component units by the central government, overwhelming of the resources by the centre at the expense of the components, etc. all the above-mentioned lead to conflicts among the levels of government and invariably affect the development of such country. Fiscal allocation is a process by which money generated internally is shared among the different levels of government of a country. However, the definition contradicts the existence of sharing formats of those selected countries which results in unending conflicts among the tiers of government (Athanasius, 2018).In Nigeria, conflict among the tiers of government is usually caused by fiscal imbalance. The effort to regulate the fiscal disagreements among levels led to the establishment of National Revemie Mobilization and Fiscal

The incident of COVID – 19 in Nigeria has exposed the dilapidated level of the health sector, inadequacy in the provision and administration of social welfare to the citizens and the challenges faced by the street-level bureaucrats in their course of duties to fight COVID 19. The Study assesses the social welfare policy of COVID 19 in Nigeria and the involvement of the street-level bureaucrat. The study relies on secondary data with content analysis of books, journals, internet source and other relevant materials. The study revealed that COVID 19 pandemic with its damaging effects is real in Nigeria and the number of effected persons and death are gradually increasing. The social welfare policy measures by the government is inadequate, the frontline healthcare bureaucrats faced the challenge of coping with the outbreak of COVID-19 due to shortage of resources such as: equipment, staff, protection gears and other accessories needed to work. Most Nigerian did not believe in the existence of the coronavirus. The study recommended that Nigeria should improve on testing capacity; recruit more health care personnel, Institutionalize people oriented social welfare policies with or without emergency situation; there should investment on street level bureaucrats in area of capacity building and motivation. Awareness and sensitization should be created on the existence COVID 19 pandemic and its ravaging effects through mobilization of the people at the grassroots. Government should open up the economy school and the churches should be opened. People must be ready to take responsibility for their healths while the WHO and countries of the word should be proactive in finding cure for the COVID 19 pandemic.

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