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BACKGROUND: Late diagnosis continues to be a significant problem in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Most cases require emergency surgical intervention due to acute intestinal obstruction or perforation. This retrospective study was formed from an assessment of the clinical presentation, treatment, early results, and survival of patients with CRC undergoing emergency surgery for acute obstruction or perforation. METHODS: Between 2012 and 2017, 612 patients underwent surgery for CRC. In all, 179 patients who required emergency treatment were retrospectively evaluated according to age, gender, significant comorbidities, physiological status, surgical indications, tumor location, tumor stage, perioperative blood transfusion rate, type of surgery, and the length of the operation and hospitalization. RESULTS: In total, 152 (85%) patients had a complete obstruction and 27 (15%) patients had a perforation. A major postoperative complication was identified nearly in half of the patients. The overall mortality rate was 12% (22 patients). Mortality was seen in 12% (18 patients) cases received surgery due to obstruction and in 15% (four patients) cases received surgery due to perforation. Perioperative blood transfusion and a high Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score were independent factors that predicted a major complication. Advanced age and perioperative blood transfusion were statistically independent prognostic factors for mortality. CONCLUSION: Consisted with the findings of studies in the literature, the results of this study also revealed a high perioperative morbidity and mortality rate in patients with CRC who required urgent surgery. Our findings suggest that early detection and treatment of CRC with screening programs can be life-saving.

<p><strong>Aim<br /></strong> To evaluate risk factors that may cause anastomotic leakage (AL) in patients who underwent resection and anastomosis due to colorectal cancer. <br /><strong>Methods<br /></strong> Patients who underwent resection and anastomosis due to colorectal cancer between January 2014 and July 2018 in our clinic were included into the study. The patients were divided into two groups as ones with AL being Group 1, ones without AL being Group 2. Parameters related to the clinical characteristics, surgical and pathologic results in both groups were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analyses. <br /><strong>Results<br /></strong>A total of 302 patients were included in the study. The AL was observed in 24 (7.9%) patients. Mortality was observed in five (20.8%) and six (2.2%) patients in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively (p=0.001). Significant risk factors for AL in the univariate analysis were coronary artery disease (CAD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, high American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, emergency surgical intervention, absence of preoperative intestine preparation, performed perioperative blood transfusion, tumour T stage, and neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy application. Only CAD and neoadjuvant CRT were determined as the independent risk factors for AL in the multivariate analysis.<br /><strong> Conclusion<br /></strong> The AL developing after colorectal surgery continues to be an important problem thereby increasing mortality and morbidity along with its negative effect on hospitalization time and functional and oncologic results. Despite several studies on the topic, it is still very difficult to estimate the AL possibility in advance. Therefore, avoiding anastomosis in high risk patients may perhaps be the best option.</p>

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