Aim: the primary aim of this study was to determine whether the neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume, monocyte/ lymphocyte ratio and distribution width of red blood cells are different in children with specific learning disorders compared to healthy controls. The second aim of the study is to investigate the relationships of those inflammatory markers with SLDs clinical severity. Methods: A total of 100 drug-naive participants, aged 7-12 years, who were newly diagnosed as having specific learning disorders according to the DSM-5 criteria were compared with a healthy control group of 75 age, sex matched children. the neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume, monocyte/ lymphocyte ratio and distribution width of red blood cells were measured according to the complete blood count. Results: specific learning disorders significantly affected monocyte levels and tended to affect monocyte/ lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil levels while attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis significantly affected monocyte levels and mean platelet volume and also tended to affect distribution width of red blood cells. Specific learning disorders symptom severity did not correlate significantly with peripheral inflammatory markers. Conclusions: This study is the first to investigate the effect of peripheral inflammatory markers in a large specific learning disorders sample by controlling attention deficit hyperactivity disorder comorbidity. The findings demonstrated that the monocyte levels are higher in both specific learning disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder groups suggesting that elevated monocyte levels may be a common marker in the inflammatory pathophysiology.

Background The most common cause of acute viral hepatitis is the hepatitis A virus (HAV). Millions of people are thought to be infected each year. It is transmitted either by the fecal-oral route or by consuming contaminated food. Extrahepatic complications, notably cardiologic ones, are infrequent. This case report was presented due to the development of HAV-related bradycardia without hypotension in an unvaccinated refugee patient. Case presentation A 9-year-old male presented with the complaint of jaundice and vomiting. There was no history of fever, diarrhea, or abdominal pain. A precise knowledge of suspected food intake is lacking. There was no pathological examination finding except jaundice. Total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels were high. The coagulation test was normal. Anti-HAV-IgM/IgG was positive in the patient with suspicious viral hepatitis. In the follow-up, the heart rate decreased to 43 beats/min during sleep and 46 beats/min when awake. Cardiological examination and tests were within normal limits. Hypotension was not accompanied. In the follow-up, bradycardia and impaired liver function tests regressed. The patient was discharged on the 10th day. Conclusions Cardiologic complications are rare, and patients diagnosed with acute hepatitis A should be monitored. The most effective way of protection from the hepatitis A virus is vaccination.