Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of female sexual dysfunction together with the concerns of women about sexuality during pregnancy. Material and methods:A total of 207 healthy, sexually active pregnant women were enrolled in the study. Demographic data of all participants were noted and sexual functions were evaluated by Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Each FSFI domain score was calculated and mean scores were noted. Concerns of women about sexuality were also investigated.Results: Mean age of participant women was 27.0±5.9 (range 15-44) years. Prevalence of sexual dysfunction was found to be 87% in study population. Mean FSFI score was 18.6±1.21. The rate of sexual dysfunction was higher in the first (87%) and third (92.6%) trimesters when compared to the second (80.6%) trimester (p=0.243). Among demographic variables, education levels of partners and preconceptional sexual dysfunction were found to be significantly related to FSD. The most common concerns of women about sexual relationship have been reported as the fear of having pain (35%), risk of abortion (21.3%) and religious factors (10%). Conclusion:Prevalence of sexual dysfunction is relatively high among pregnant women. Educational levels and preconceptional sexual functions were found to have an impact on this high rate. Accurate counseling of partners about sexuality during pregnancy may help to reduce misbeliefs, concerns and, thereby, decrease this high rate of female sexual dysfunction.

Purpose: Varicocelectomy is used in the treatment of scrotal pain. We report our results with microsurgical subinguinal varicocele ligation to treat pain. Materials and Methods: A total of 284 men underwent subinguinal microsurgical varicocele ligation for scrotal pain. All patients were asked to return for a follow-up evaluation 3 months after surgery, which included a physical examination, as well as questions on pain severity, number of days required before their return to work and development of any postoperative complications. Results: Median patient age at the time of varicocele ligation was 23.7 years (range 16-38 years). The average duration of pain before presentation was 11.2 months (range 1 month to 40 months). In 85.6% patients there was complete resolution of pain and 6.3% had partial resolution. Pain persisted postoperatively in 19 cases (8.1%). There were statistically nonsignificant differences in the characteristics of the pain and grade of varicocele between postoperative groups. A significant difference was observed in postoperative success between patients who had long period and those who had short period of pain. Conclusions: Sub-inguinal microsurgical varicocele ligation is an effective treatment for painful varicocele. The duration of pain preoperatively may predict outcomes in selected patients.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is an uncommon and aggressive form of inflammation of the renal parenchyma particularly resulting in diffuse renal destruction. A previously healthy 25-year-old woman was admitted to our clinic with right flank pain of sudden onset, nausea and high fever. Computed tomography revealed a mass (12 x 7 cm in diameter) around the right kidney with extension to pelvis and paravertebral space. Flank incision was made urgently and a very large perirenal haematoma and abscess formation were found caused by the rupture located at the posterior side of the right kidney. A right nephrectomy was performed and abscess material was evacuated from the perirenal area. XGP was diagnosed by histopathologic examination of the resected kidney. Although XGP regularly demonstrates a gradual progression and presents with nonspecific symptoms, the situation may appear with complications as in our case. Our patient presented with renal rupture and perirenal abscess extending to the pelvis and paravertebral space. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of XGP presenting with spontaneous renal rupture in the English literature.