Purpose The present study aimed to investigate the amoebicidal and amoebistatic efects of Artemisia argyi leaf methanolic extract by testing the effects on trophozoites and on cysts. We also determined cytotoxic effect, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities, total phenolic, lavonoid and antioxidative contents of A. argyi. Methods A. argyi was harvested from various geographic sites in Ordu province in Turkey. The fresh leaves were subjected to methanolic extraction. In 100 μl culture, different concentrations of A. argyi methanolic extract (in quantities from 1.2, 2.3, 4.7, 9.4, 18.7, 37.4, 74.8 mg/ml) and the same volume of trophozoite/cyst suspension were mixed for the determination of the amoebicidal activity of the plant extract. Human bronchial epithelial cells were treated with the same concentrations of Artemisia extracts to determine cytotoxic potential. Results Total phenolic and lavonoid contents of the extract were calculated as 261 mg gallic acid/g dry extract and 29 mg quercetin/g dry extract, respectively. Total antioxidant activity was also calculated as 367 mg ascorbic acid/g dry extract.The growth of trophozoites stopped in A. argyi methanolic extract with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50)/8 h for 37.4 mg/ ml and 74.8 mg/ml extract solution and had stronger amoebicidal activity on the cysts with IC50/72 h. Artemisia showed stronger inhibitory effects on bronchial epithelial cells at the concentrations of 9.4, 18.7, 37.4 and 74.8 mg/ml. ConclusionThe study indicated that A. argyi leaf extract has cytotoxic and anti-amoebic activities.

Economically important representatives of the Artemisia genus have wide application in pharmaceutics, landscape architecture and agriculture. The aim of this study was to phylogenetically analyse the 18S-26S rDNA, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) nucleotide sequences of 19 Artemisia samples collected from Ordu Province of Turkey. Analyses were conducted using neighbour-joining (NJ), maximum-parsimony (MP) and maximum-likelihood (ML) algorithms. Our analysis revealed two unique haplotypes within our samples, including a rare one (Haplotype-I, represented by a single sample) and a common one (Haplotype-II, represented by 18 samples). In all trees, both of our haplotypes appeared in the same lineage with Artemisia sylvatica, Artemisia argyi and Artemisia verlotiorum. Although rDNA-ITS is known to be a variative marker, oddly it was highly conserved in Artemisia, which is why we used this marker to determine the phylogenetic affiliation of the analysed plants.

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This study was conducted to determine weed species, their frequencies (%), coverage areas (%) and their densities (plant/m²) in kiwifruit orchards of Ordu province in 2015. As a method Ordu was divided into four parts of the research area; Altınordu-Gülyalı, Ulubey-Kabadüz, Perşembe-Fatsa-Çamaş, İkizce-Ünye-Çaybaşı. The study was carried out in two different periods which are April-May and SeptemberOctober in the year of 2015. Study was started from the center of Ordu and stopped for every 5 km to make four different examinations of randomly selected 1 m² area of 1 da the kiwifruit orchard. During examinations weed species, their frequencies (%), coverage area (%) and their densities (plant/m²) were determined. Eighyt six weed species belonging to 32 families were determined in the survey which was carried out in 26 kiwi orchards. At the end of this survey which is conducted in two different periods, general weed coverage is found out to be 82.27 % for the first period (April-May) and 80.12 % for the second period (September-October). Among these families the largest family was found to be Asteraceae having 18 species. In the first period (April-May) 71 species were identified belonging to 30 families and the most frequently encountered weed species was Convolvulus arvensis L. (field bindweed) by 69.23 %. In the second period (September-October) 67 species were identified belonging to 30 families and the most frequently encountered weed species was C. arvensis L. by 53.85 %.Key Words: Kiwifruit, Ordu, Weed, frequency, Convolvulus arvensis L. Ordu İli Kivi Bahçelerinde Görülen Yabancı Ot Türlerinin BelirlenmesiÖz Çalışma, Ordu ili kivi bahçelerinde görülen yabancı ot türlerinin, rastlama sıklıkları (%), kaplama alanları (%) ve yoğunlukları (bitki/m²) belirlenmesi amacı ile 2015 yılında Ordu ilinde yürütülmüştür. İl dört bölgeye ayrılarak (Altınordu-Gülyalı, Ulubey-Kabadüz, Perşembe-Fatsa-Çamaş, İkizce-Ünye-Çaybaşı) Nisan-Mayıs ve Eylül-Ekim ayları olmak üzere iki farklı dönemde, Ordu (Merkez)'dan başlamak üzere herbeş km'de bir durularak kivi bahçelerinde bir da'lık alan içerisinde dört kez bir m²'lik çerçeve atılarak çerçeve içerisinde bulunan yabancı ot türleri, rastlama sıklıkları (%), kaplama alanları (%) ve yoğunlukları (adet/m²) saptanmıştır. Yirmialtı kivi bahçesinde yapılan sürveylerde 32 familyaya ait 86 yabancı ot türü tespit edilmiştir. Genel yabancı otlanma (%) birinci dönemde (Nisan-Mayıs) % 82.27, ikinci dönemde (Eylül-Ekim) ise % 80.12 olarak bulunmuştur. Bulunan familyalar içerisinde en geniş familya 18 tür ile Asteraceae familyası olmuştur. Birinci dönemde (Nisan-Mayıs) 30 familyaya ait 71 yabancı ot türü tespit edilmiş ve en fazla rastlanılan yabancı ot türü Convolvulus arvensis L. (Tarla sarmaşığı) % 69.23 olmuştur. İkinci dönemde (Eylül-Ekim) ise 30 familyaya ait 67 tür tespit edilmiş ve en fazla rastlanılan yabancı ot türü yine C. arvensis L. % 53.85 olmuştur.

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