The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of controlled hypotension on cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and evaluation of postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing rhinoplasty. Fifty adult patients who were scheduled for elective rhinoplasty surgery and required controlled hypotension were enrolled in this prospective study. Controlled hypotension was provided using a combination of propofol and remifentanil infusion supplemented with nitroglycerin infusion as necessary. rSO2 was evaluated during controlled hypotension by NIRS. Cerebral desaturation was observed in 5 out of 50 patients (10 %) during hypotensive anesthesia. The greatest decrease from baseline was 28 % when MAP was 57 mmHg. In both non-desaturated and desaturated patients, postoperative MMSE scores were significantly lower than preoperative scores. There was a 4 % decrease in the non-desaturated patients and a 7 % decrease in the desaturated patients when preoperative and postoperative MMSE scores were compared. A decline in cognitive function 1 day after surgery was observed in 23 patients (46 %) and in all patients with intraoperative cerebral desaturation. The current study showed that even if SpO2 is in the normal range, there might be a decrease of more than 20 % in cerebral oxygen saturation during controlled hypotension.

The total number of patients who had ASA I-II scores and who had undergone a one-sided inguinal hernia repair under spinal anesthesia in elective conditions with at least three or more months of recovery time months was 619. Of these 264 patients, 203 with absence of pain (score of the severest pain over the past week and now was 0) were classified as the Non-Pain group and 61 patients with inguinal pain (score of the severest pain over the past week or now was 1 or more) were classified as the Pain group. The incidence of chronic pain after inguinal hernia surgery was 23.48% (n = 61) in our study. The pain was localized at and near the surgical incision and radiated into the scrotum in 17.73% (n = 36) of the male patients having chronic pain. While chronic pain developed in 60 out of 239 patients who had pain prior to the surgery. The presence of pain prior to the surgery was evaluated as an effective factor for the chronic groin pain. Neuropathic pain was detected with the DN-4 questionnaire in 6 (2.95%) out of 203 patients who stated that they had no pain during the physical examination and the week prior to the exam. The frequency of chronic pain after inguinal hernia repair was found 23.48% in our study. This is the same rate as previously reported. Quality of life of these patients was affected. We believe that there is an urgent need for prospective randomized studies with the aim of determining a standardized methodology towards preventive measures after determining the risk factors of chronic pain developed in the post inguinal hernia repair period.

Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is an important clinic problem. It is assessed that prevalence of chronic pain extends to 30% but it is contended that there are various risk factors. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of chronic pain after hysterectomy, risk factors of chronicity, neuropathic features of pain, and sensorial alterations at surgery area.Between years 2012 and 2015, 16 to 65 ages old patients that electively undergone total abdominal hysterectomy bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and passed minimum 3 months after surgery were included to study. Visual analog scale (VAS) and Douleur Neuropathique 4-questionnaire (DN-4) surveys were used to evaluate pain symptoms, algometry device was used for evaluating abdominal pressure threshold and Von Frey Filament was used for sensorial alterations.Ninety-three of 165 eligible patients were included to study. As the groups were compared by demographic data, no difference was obtained (P > 0.05). There was no difference between groups regarding patient and surgery attributes (P > 0.05). Most frequently performed incision type was Pfannenstiel. Neuropathic symptoms were observed in 90 patients (96.8%). Sensorial alterations as hypoesthesia and hyperesthesia were detected around abdominal scar in 18 patients (19.4%) with pinprick test.Neuropathic symptoms should not be ignored in studies evaluating CPSP and a standard methodology should be designed for studies in this topic.

Carbon dioxide insufflation during pneumoperitoneum in pediatric patients may not affect cerebral oxygenation under laparoscopic surgery.

BackgroundNeostigmine, the currently commonly used agent for reversal of neuromuscular blockade. Sugammadex is a novel and unique compound designed as an antagonist of steroidal neuromuscular blockers. In this study, we evaluated the effects of sugammadex or neostigmine on kidney functions in patients scheduled for elective surgery.Material/MethodsPatients scheduled for a surgical procedure under desflurane/opioid anesthesia received an intubating dose rocuronium. Patients were divided into 2 groups receiving either sugammadex or neostigmine atropine to reverse neuromuscular blockade. Cystatin C, creatinine, urea, blood urea nitrogen, sodium, potassium, and calcium levels in the blood and α1microglobulin, β2microglobulin, and microalbumin levels in the urine were measured.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the groups with regard to the demographic data. In the Neostigmine Group, although β2microglobulin and microalbumin were similar, a significant increase was found in the postoperative α1microglobulin and cystatin C values. In the Sugammadex Group, although β2-microglobulin and cystatin C were similar, a significant increase was found in the postoperative α1-microglobulin and microalbumin values. The only significant difference was cystatin C value variation in the Neostigmine Group compared to the Sugammadex Group.ConclusionsWe believe that the use of more specific and sensitive new-generation markers like cystatin C to evaluate kidney function will provide a better understanding and interpretation of our results. Sugammadex has more tolerable effects on kidney function in patients than does neostigmine. However, when compared to preoperative values, there is a negative alteration of postoperative values. Neostigmine and sugammadex do not cause renal failure but they may affect kidney function.