As the trend of globalization is increasing due to population growth, climate change and another social factor, it continues to increase vulnerability of many diseases. Tuberculosis (TB) disease remains one of the prevalent communicable diseases globally Its significant rate in developing countries like Nigeria has remains a fascinating global public health concern due to public health and economics posed by the disease. This paper reviewed environmental and socioeconomic factors affecting the prevalence; surveillance of TB from authoritative journal articles, grey reports, as well as other official and authoritative sources. The study found the connection between environmental; socioeconomic factors and prevalence and surveillance of TB in Nigeria. At the of study six (6) recommendations such as; education and awareness; online diseases reporting and notification; research priorities; use of mathematical models; inclusive provision of health facilities as well as partnership and collaboration were put forward in relation to environmental and socioeconomic factors and trends.