This theoretical study focuses on the adsorption, reactivity, topological analysis, and sensing behavior of metal-doped (K, Na, and Mg) aluminum nitride (Al12N12) nanoclusters using the first-principle density functional theory (DFT). All quantum chemical reactivity, natural bond orbital (NBO), free energies (ΔG, ΔH), and sensor parameters were investigated using the ωB97XD functional with the 6-311++G­(d,p) basis set. The trapping of carboplatin (cbp) onto the surfaces of doped Al 12 N 12 was studied using four functionals PBE0-D3, M062X-D3, ωB97XD, and B3LYP-D3 at the 6-311++G­(d,p) basis set. Overall, the substantial change in the energy gap of the surfaces after the adsorption process affects the work function, field emission, and the electrical conductivity of the doped clusters, hence making the studied surfaces a better sensor material for detecting carboplatin. Higher free energies of solvation were obtained in polar solvents compared to nonpolar solvents. Moreover, negative solvation energies and adsorption energies were obtained, which therefore shows that the engineered surfaces are highly efficient in trapping carboplatin. The relatively strong adsorption energies show that the mechanism of adsorption is by chemisorption, and K- and Na-doped metal clusters acted as better sensors for carboplatin. Also, the topological analysis in comparison to previous studies shows that the nanoclusters exhibited very high stability with regard to their relevant binding energies and hydrogen bond interactions.

The utilization of nanostructured materials as efficient catalyst for several processes has increased tremendously, and carbon-based nanostructured materials encompassing fullerene and its derivatives have been observed to possess enhanced catalytic activity when engineered with doping or decorated with metals, thus making them one of the most promising nanocage catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) during electro-catalysis. Prompted by these, and the reported electrochemical, electronic and stability advantage, an attempt is put forward herein to inspect the metal encapsulated, doped, and decorated dependent HER activity of C 24 engineered nanostructured materials as effective electro-catalyst for HER. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been utilized to evaluate the catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction activity of four proposed bare systems: fullerene (C 24 ), calcium encapsulated fullerene (Ca enc C 24 ), nickel-doped calcium encapsulated fullerene (Ni dop Ca enc C 24 ), and silver decorated nickel-doped calcium encapsulated (Ag dec Ni dop Ca enc C 24 ) engineered nanostructured materials at the TPSSh/GenECP/6-311+G(d,p)/LanL2DZ level of theory. The obtained results divulged that, a potential decrease in energy gap (E gap ) occurred in the bare systems, while a sparing increase was observed upon adsorption of hydrogen onto the surfaces, these surfaces where also observed to maintain the least E H–L gap while the Ag dec Ni dop Ca enc C 24 surface exhibited an increased electrocatalytic activity when compared to others. The results also showed that the electronic properties of the systems evinced a correspondent result with their electrochemical properties, the Ag-decorated surface also exhibited a proficient adsorption energy and Gibb’s free energy (ΔG H ) value. The engineered Ag-decorated and Ni-doped systems were found to possess both good surface stability and excellent electro-catalytic property for HER activities.

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