We investigate the density of states (DOS) for hole transport in undoped and doped amorphous organic films using high lateral resolution Kelvin probe force microscopy. Measurements are done on field effect transistors made of N,N1-diphenyl-N, N1-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,10-biphenyl-4,4II-diamine undoped or p doped with tetrafluoro-tetracyanoquinodimethane. We determine the DOS structure of the undoped material, including an anomalous peak related to interfaces between regions of different surface potential, the DOS doping-induced broadening, and doping-induced sharp peaks on the main DOS distribution.

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First published example from Palestine of an early Islamic secondary workshop  Coexistence of glass from three primary production centres  Raw glass made in Egypt and glass made in Palestine available to the glassworkers  At least 12 production events identified  Importance of batch analysis for the interpretation of glass workshops

A fourth century BCE silver jewellery collection, which is part of two hoards of Samarian coins (the Samaria and Nablus Hoards), was studied by non-destructive analyses. The collection, which consists of pendants, rings, beads and earrings, had been examined by visual testing, multi-focal microscopy and SEM-EDS analysis. In order to enhance our knowledge of past technologies of silver jewellery production, we developed a metallurgical methodology based on the chemical composition of the joints and bulk. The results show that all artefacts are made of silver containing a small percentage of copper. Higher copper concentrations were measured in the joining regions. Our research indicates that the manufacturing of the jewellery from both hoards involved similar techniques, including casting, cutting, hammering, bending, granulating and joining methods, indicating that the artefacts were made by trained silversmiths. Although the burial date of the Samaria Hoard – 352 BCE – is some 21 years earlier than that of the Nablus Hoard – circa 331 BCE, a noted continuity in the local production technology is apparent in the analysed items. This information provides better understanding of the technological abilities in the late Persian-period province of Samaria and bears implications on the local silver coins produced in the region.

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