Heavy metal contamination of soil and subsequent fouling of groundwater are common problems at many metalliferous mining sites. There are various treatment processes for the cleanup of soils contaminated with heavy metals. Soil washing that involves separation of contaminants from the soil by solubilizing them in a washing solution, is one of the most frequently used techniques. In this study, applicability of soil washing technique to a contaminated soil originating from an old and smelting area in North Cyprus was investigated by conducting a series of leaching tests. A set of batch tests were conducted to optimize the reaction time and to find the most effective washing solution. Results of batch tests showed that 3-h reaction time with EDTA solution was suitable to be used in column tests. Similar trends also were found with the column tests. The results of batch and column leaching experiments conducted in this study using a naturally contaminated soil from a smelting facility indicate that copper, and to a lesser degree cadmium, can be extracted from this sample using EDTA solution. The results further suggest that when 0.1 M-500 mL EDTA is applied to the sample soil, the order of mobility of metals can be classified as follows: Cu Ͼ Cd Ͼ Fe.
ÖzetAtık sulardan kaynaklanan çamurların uzaklaştırılması atıksu mühendisliği sahasının en zor ve en pahalı problemi olmaya devam etmektedir. Atıksu arıtma tesisleri, kullanılan sisteme göre ön çöktürme çamuru, aktif çamur, kimyasal çamur veya anaerobik çamur gibi farklı çamurlar üretmektedir. Bu artık çamurlar, uzaklaştırılmadan önce hacimlerinin azaltılması ve stabilize hale getirilmesi gibi işlemlere tabi tutulmak zorundadırlar. Bunun için genellikle kullanılan yöntemler koşullandırmayla birleştirilmiş yoğunlaştırma ve susuzlaştırmadır.Çamur yoğunlaştırma ve susuzlaştırma ya büyük bir ilk yatırım ya da büyük bir yüzey alan gerektirmektedir. Bundan başka, mekanik ekipmanlar susuzlaştırma işleminden önce polimer takviyesine ihtiyaç duymaktadırlar. Kullanılan polimerlerin masrafı mekanik yoğunlaştırma ve susuzlaştırmayı ekonomik olmaktan uzaklaştırmaktadır.Bu çalışmada sünger filtre ile çamur yoğunlaştırma ve susuzlaştırmada ozonun etkisi araştırılmış, ayrıca maliyet analizi yapılmıştır. Polimer ilavesi ile daha yoğun ve daha susuz bir çamur elde etmek mümkündür ve bunun ilk yatırım maliyeti ozonlama sistemine göre daha düşüktür. Fakat ozonun benzer etkiyi gösterdiği anlaşılmış olup, 11 yıl sonra çamuru ozonlamanın daha ekonomik olacağı anlaşılmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Çamur yoğunlaştırma, Sünger Filtre, Çamur Ozonlama, Çamur Susuzlaştırma, Ozonlama
Maliyeti
AbstractThe ultimate disposal of wastewater sludge (biosolids) continues to be one of the most difficult and expensive problems in the field of wastewater engineering. Wastewater treatment plants generate different sludges, like primary settled sludge, waste activated sludge, chemical sludge and anaerobic sludge, according to their operating systems. These excess sludges have to be managed by reducing their volume and stabilizing them before their ultimate disposal. Generally used volume reduction methods are thickening and dewatering that are usually coupled with conditioning.Sludge thickening and dewatering require either a big capital investment or a big surface area. Moreover, most of the mechanical dewatering technologies use polymers to condition the sludge before dewatering. These polymers have high cost rendering the mechanical dewatering uneconomical.It is possible to handle more thickened and dewatered sludge by adding polymer and initial cost of this system is lower than ozonation system. Howewer it was found that ozonation had same effect and it would be more economical than polymer system after 11 years.
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