Abstract:The accessibility patterns in the West Mediterranean region follow the geographic constraints of the region closely. Being a narrow coastal corridor for most of the territory, most of the population and activities are concentrated along the sea shore. The backcountry is substantially less populated, especially in mountain areas, and infrastructure endowment is more limited, yielding poorer accessibility patterns in comparison. The case of the Balearic Islands shows the effect of insularity on accessibility patterns. The influence of the Barcelona agglomeration reaches approximately all NUTS-3 capitals in Catalonia, and in some cases even Perpignan in France. The metropolitan agglomerations of Valencia and Alacant tend to merge with each other in most of the accessibility indicators, despite the fact that mountainous topography in the areas in between both agglomerations provides locally some areas of low accessibility. The new high speed rail lines planned in the region increase the opportunities of medium cities located in between large agglomerations as they are in the position to offer high live standards while allowing for daily commuting onto large labour markets, yet now only on paper. All over the region, accessibility of public services is more homogenous than accessibility of the population and jobs as public services are relatively decentralized.

No abstract

Abstract:The accessibility patterns in the West Mediterranean region follow the geographic constraints of the region closely. Being a narrow coastal corridor for most of the territory, most of the population and activities are concentrated along the sea shore. The backcountry is substantially less populated, especially in mountain areas, and infrastructure endowment is more limited, yielding poorer accessibility patterns in comparison. The case of the Balearic Islands shows the effect of insularity on accessibility patterns. The influence of the Barcelona agglomeration reaches approximately all NUTS-3 capitals in Catalonia, and in some cases even Perpignan in France. The metropolitan agglomerations of Valencia and Alacant tend to merge with each other in most of the accessibility indicators, despite the fact that mountainous topography in the areas in between both agglomerations provides locally some areas of low accessibility. The new high speed rail lines planned in the region increase the opportunities of medium cities located in between large agglomerations as they are in the position to offer high live standards while allowing for daily commuting onto large labour markets, yet now only on paper. All over the region, accessibility of public services is more homogenous than accessibility of the population and jobs as public services are relatively decentralized.

O presente estudo propõe uma estrutura analítica para estimar a demanda potencial de energia para veículos elétricos (VE), e traz os principais resultados da sua aplicação para um estudo de caso para região sul do Brasil – composta pelos estados de Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina. Os resultados do estudo de caso estimam que os VE podem alcançar até 10,9% da frota da região Sul do país em 2040, o que corresponde a uma frota até 1,7 milhões de VE em 2040 e um acréscimo de até 5,10% no consumo de energia da região. Desta forma, é possível esperar que este acréscimo na demanda pode ser acomodado pelo sistema de geração e pela rede de transmissão sem grandes dificuldades, porém exigindo alguns investimentos e reforços na rede de distribuição média tensão (MT) e de baixa tensão (BT) para atender a esse aumento de demanda provocado pelos VE. Por fim, foi discutida a possibilidade de conexão do Sul do Brasil com países vizinhos próximos, como a Argentina, Paraguai e o Uruguai – através de um corredor elétrico.