The purpose of this research work is to comparatively study the oil recovery factor from two major aquifer geometry (Bottom and Edge water aquifer) using water aquifer model owing to the fact that most if not every reservoir is bounded by a water aquifer with relative size content (Most Large). These aquifers are pivotal in oil recovery factor (percent%), Cumulative oil produced (MMSTB) as well as overall reservoir performance the methodology utilized in this study involves; Identification of appropriate influx models were utilized for aquifer characterization. The characterizes of the Niger Delta reservoir aquifer considered include aquifer permeability, aquifer porosity etc. Estimation of aquifer properties is achieved by using regressed method in Material Balance Software (MBAL). This approach involves History Matching of average reservoir pressure with computed pressure of the reservoir utilizing production data and PVT data. The computed pressure from model is history matched by regressing most uncertain parameters in aquifer such as aquifer size, permeability, and porosity. Historic production data was imputed into the MBAL Tank Model, the production data was matched with the model simulation by regressing on rock and fluid parameters with high uncertainty. The match parameters were recorded as the base parameter and other sensitivity on aquifer parameters using the Fetkovich model for the bottom and edge water drive. The average percentage increase in oil cumulative volume was 0.40% in fovour of bottom water drive. Further sensitivity on cumulative oil recovered showed the increase in reservoir size with increasing aquifer volumes increases oil production exponentially in bottom water drive whereas edge water drive increased linearly. Aquifer volume, aquifer permeability showed linear relationship with bottom and edge water drive.

Oil Price has been a benchmark governing the trade of oil and gas globally. It is fixed by producing countries or countries in a consortium through organizations such as Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) or a particular mix of crude oil such as the West Texas Intermediate (WTI) or Brent. The spot price and future prices of crude oil is basically determined by demand and supply, however, some external factors can have great influence on oil price. This research work will be emphasizing on the direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic as an external factor other than demand and supply on the benchmarks of oil pricing between 2000 and 2020. Having analyzed the various oil price fluctuation which have been caused by several factors over the years, this research went further to identify those significant factors, weigh them and input them into a model that will generate simulated oil prices of past, present and future benchmarks with relation to demand, supply, production cost and other external factors. This model was also validated using machine learning algorithms and real data of previous yearly average oil price noting the reasons for each spot price. Significant recommendations were made on the use of this model for fixing oil price benchmarks as variables to each benchmark are numerous.

In-situ Crude oil can be produced through several drive mechanisms of which the choice of specific drive mechanism is dependent on several key performance tools. This study examines the Alwyn North field and presents a comparative analysis for producing crude oil using water drive, gas drive and natural drive or depletion drive. The Eclipse Simulator was used to simulate different scenarios of well placement and performance tools such as FOPR, FPR, FWCT, FGOR and FOE was used during simulation to compare the outcomes of the well placement. Economic analysis which is key in decision making was carried out using economic tools such as Gross Profit Margin (GPM), Net Present Value (NPV), Payback Period, Internal Rate Return (IRR) and Profitability Index (PI). The payback period for water injection was 2.1years and 1.99years for gas injection. IRR was 53% and 48% for water and gas injection development schemes respectively and Profitability Index for water injection was 1.73 and 1.36 for gas injection. These economic tools helped to arrive at a conclusion of best drive mechanism for the production of the field.

The increasing demand for energy threatens the earth with climate change due to emission of greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels. This has been the major driver for green energy. Renewable energy has the potential to reduce the negative effects of energy production on the environment at a global scale. However, the technology to harness the energy from renewable sources have only been well developed for the electricity market. Expanding the scope to supply other markets and sectors would lead to increase in demand on rare earth minerals which will reciprocally create negative environmental and socio-economic impacts.  In order to mitigate such impacts, strong regulatory policies will be required to control different aspects of renewable energy sources, the scale of production and footprint on the environment. Recycling renewable energy technology is a step in the right direction. However, the cost of recycling is found to be 5 times the cost of mining. This would affect the price of energy generated from renewable energy sources on a long run. A shift from fossil fuel would imply at least 20 trillion dollars in stranded assets which would trigger a financial collapse. This collapse would possibly lead to the complete loss of the oil, gas and coal industries, power producers, insurance companies and banks that hold loans for these industries.

Microorganisms square measure thought of to have an effect on the properties of drilling fluids. This work self-addressed the subsequent sections: the character of Micro-organisms, microbic Mechanisms that have an effect on Drilling Fluids, Implications of microbic Contamination and Identification. This work focuses on the likelihood of utilization of microbes as basic material for lubricant. This analysis assess by means that of straightforward however relevant laboratory, the properties of the microbes cultivated from banana skin within the micro-biological laboratory and compared with commonplace drilling fluid. The results were analyzed exploitation applied mathematics and graphical ways. Water based drilling muds were developed with the microbes and characterised to work out the properties like density, rheology and pH within the laboratory and compared with those of the standard laboratory mud. Results showed enhancements in sure properties, but it verified unsuitable in different properties in comparison to straightforward drilling fluid. I.