Evaluación del fotoperiodo en el asentamiento de tetraesporas de Chondracanthus chamissoi sobre cuerdas de polipropileno en condiciones semi-controladas de laboratorio Evaluation of the photoperiod in the settlement of Chondracanthus chamissoi tetraspores on polypropylene strings in semi-controlled laboratory conditions
Efecto del fotoperiodo y el uso de un nutriente foliar comercial en el crecimiento (Biomasa) de Pyropia sp. CHI "Cochayuyo" bajo condiciones controladas de cultivoEffect of the photoperiod and the use of a commercial foliar nutrient on the growth (Biomass) of Pyropia sp. CHI "Cochayuyo" under controlled cultivation conditions
Chondracanthus chamissoi is an edible red seaweed with a high hydrocolloid content and food industry demand. This situation has led to a decline in their populations, especially in Peru. An alternative culture method based on the formation of secondary attachment discs (SADs) has shown several advantages over traditional spore strategies. However, there are still scarce reports of the SAD method in Peru. This work aimed to evaluate the best conditions for C. chamissoi maintenance prior to SAD development and the effect of locality on SAD formation using scallop shells as a substratum. Experiments were conducted with material collected from five localities in Pisco (Ica, Peru). Our results showed that the best conditions for C. chamissoi maintenance were: (1) fertilized seawater with Bayfolan® (0.2 mL L−1); and (2) medium exchange every two days or weekly. These conditions reduced the biomass loss to 9.36–11.14%. Most localities showed a similar capacity to produce SADs (7–17 SADs shell−1). However, vegetative algae, especially Mendieta, tended to present a higher number of SADs. Vegetative fronds also showed lower levels of necrosis and deterioration compared to cystocarpic and tetrasporophytic samples. This study shows the technical feasibility of culturing C. chamissoi through SADs for developing repopulation and/or intensive cultivation projects in Peru.
Resumen Este estudio examinó la variabilidad espacial y temporal de las principales comunidades del fitoplancton en tres estaciones de la playa de Pescadores Artesanales de Chorrillos, Lima, Perú, en relación con las variables fisicoquímicas. Se realizaron mediciones in situ de temperatura y pH todos los meses durante un año y salinidad y oxígeno disuelto durante medio año. Se colectaron muestras de agua superficial para determinar la composición del fitoplancton. Se identificcaron un total de 120 taxa de organismos fitoplanctónicos, pertenecientes a 46 familias y 66 géneros. Las especies de fitoplancton fueron dominadas por las diatomeas (59.2%) y dinoflagelados (35.6%). La abundancia del fitoplancton estuvo dominada por Raphidophyceae (73.72%), seguido de dinoflagelados (11.75%) y nanoflagelados (< 20 µm) (11.53%). Asimismo, se registraron floraciones algales originadas por las especies, Thalassionema nitzschioides, Skeletonema costatum, Akashiwo sanguinea, Heterosigma akashiwo, Prorocentrum gracile, P. balticum, P. minimum, Scrippsiella acuminata, Dictyocha fibula, Leucocryptos marina y nanoflagelados (< 20 µm) durante todo el periodo de estudio. La mayor abundancia de fitoplancton se observó en verano y otoño. Se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre las comunidades del fitoplancton y las variables fisicoquímicas. Se determinó que los factores abióticos como: oxígeno disuelto, temperatura, salinidad y pH favorecieron la presencia de las floraciones algales. La existencia de especies de fitoplancton potencialmente tóxico/nocivo sugiere un monitoreo frecuente de las floraciones de algas nocivas (FAN) en la playa de Pescadores Artesanales de Chorrillos.
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