Climate change is currently a large concern for human society, particularly our high dependence on fossil fuels. A considerable amount of research effort is focused on renewable energies, especially solar photovoltaic (PV) generation systems. For solar PV systems, energy conversion efficiency is an active research topic, with many approaches being developed to solve this problem. One of these approaches is solar tracking systems, where the solar PV moves with the sun in order to capture the maximum direct solar radiation. This paper proposes a solar PV single-axis tracking system and compares the energy conversion efficiency with respect to a fixed solar PV installation. The proposed mechanical system is based on a servomotor moving a PV on a shaft, covering 180 degrees. A sevenelement sensor is used to measure and estimate the angle of maximum solar radiation. Also, a control system was used to obtain the optimal power output from the solar PV. The system was tested in Fusagasugá, Colombia, which is located in the tropics region.
En el departamento de Córdoba la actividad agrícola genera gran cantidad de biomasa, que junto con los yacimientos de carbón mineral, son una fuente potencial de energía para el departamento. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el rendimiento energético de pellet fabricados a partir de mezclas entre fibra de coco, algodón y carbón mineral. Los materiales fueron caracterizados mediante análisis químico inmediato, contenido de azufre y poder calorífico superior-PCS con tres repeticiones para cada test. Fueron producidos nueve tipos de pellets, calculada la densidad de los materiales antes y después de la producción y evaluadas las mezclas con el mayor potencial energético para ser usadas como biocombustible. Los resultados mostraron que la fibra de coco y algodón presentaron PCS de 16,77 y 17,79 MJ/Kg, contenido de cenizas de 4,93% y 5,92% y contenido azufre de 0,12% y 0,2% respectivamente. Se encontró que el carbón mineral presentó el mayor contenido de azufre entre los materiales de 1,55% evidenciando el problema ambiental de este combustible, sin embargo, con las mezclas biomasa-carbón se logró disminuir el contenido de azufre sin afectar significativamente PCS.
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