Este trabajo analiza las dificultades que enfrentaron las élites partidarias ante el incremento de la competencia de cara a la elección por la gubernatura mexiquense. Partiendo de la centralidad de las élites en la democracia competitiva, se revisa la relación favorable entre desarrollo socioeconómico y alternancia; y se muestra cómo la alternancia no se alcanza, a pesar de que exista un panorama alentador para el arribo de la oposición al pri. Se examina el proceso de distanciamiento observado en los partidos políticos ante el incremento de la complejidad política y sus dificultades para cohesionarse durante las disputas electorales. Por último, se presentan los comportamientos de las élites partidarias locales en la elección de 2005 y los efectos de éstos en los resultados.

This article is based on the methodological tensions recorded in the recent literature on pre-electoral coalitions between quantitative studies and the empirical records of elections where theoretical expectations are not met. In proposed to identify the factors that inhibit the effect of independent variables-the so-called causal mechanisms, based on case studies. In this sense, the article exposes the methodological turn in this regard, after reviewing the limitations of quantitative studies and the need to complement them from a qualitative approach. Through an example of intentional selection of observations, the richness of the methodological exercise for subsequent studies is visualized. It is concluded that the typical, atypical, typical-atypical contrast and maximum the mechanisms and conditions that enable pre-electoral coalitions.

Investigate whether different results about the physical properties of the same biomaterial frequently found in the literature are due to chewing simulator deficiency. A literature review was performed by searching for data on indicators of test accuracy, reproducibility, maintenance of test parameters during all experiments, and standards in the articles or in the sites of manufacturers. The database searched was CAPES PORTAL, and the keywords used were “bite force” AND “simulator”, “chewing simulator” and “mastication simulator”. Including criteria for the papers are publication filter date of “January 1, 2016”, articles in English, Spanish and Portuguese language were accepted. The first 100 papers that seemed suitable when considering the title and abstract were recovered. Only one simulator used for food property studies had the parameters searched. In the customized simulators for biomaterial properties, only one showed standards, and 8 showed all other parameters searched. All manufactured simulators showed all parameters searched, and only two manufactures did not show standards. Based on the data obtained, the disparate results of experiments with dental materials appeared to be more related to the test conditions than to the testing machines. Knowledge Transfer Statement The findings of the current review suggest that the chewing simulators used in preclinical research are reliable, bringing safety to restorative processes regarding the material. Any difference in preclinical investigations about dental material physical properties is due to test conditions other than chewing simulators.

No abstract available

No abstract