Allium decoratum Turginov & Tojibaev is described as new species from Uzbekistan (Central Asia). The distribution area of this species is restricted to Baisuntau moumtains in SW Hissar Range. The new species is close to the type species of subsect. Ligulifolia R.M.Fritsch, but differs from all known species of subsect. Ligulifolia by morphological characters of bulbs and flowers. Also we report 3 Allium species as new records for the territory of Uzbekistan: A. flavellum Vvedensky, A. lutescens Vvedensky and A. viridiflorum Pobedimova.

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During floristic surveys in the southwestern borders of the Hissar Mountains (Pamir-Alai system, Central Asia), 2011–2013, we collected one unidentified species from genus Iris Linnaeus (1753: 38) subgenus Scorpiris, section Juno (Trattinnick 1817: 135) Bentham ex Bentham & Hooker (1883: 687). These plants were introduced into the Tashkent Botanical Garden, where we carefully studied them in the Iris living collection. We conclude that the new species is related to an alliance that contains Iris parvula (Vvedensky 1963: 425) Hall & Seisums (2011: 300). This group consists primarily of high-mountain species, the distribution of which is limited to the ridges of the Pamir-Alai and western Tien-Shan (Central Asia)—Iris parvula, I. linifolia (Regel 1935: 152) Fedtschenko (1905: 159), I. tadshikorum (Vvedensky 1935: 152) Vvedensky (1935: 563) and I. narynensis Fedtschenko (1905: 159; Ikinci et al., 2011). According to our studies, this group could be extended by the inclusion of Iris vvedenskyi Nevski (1932: 323) and Juno linifoliiformis Khalkuziev (1985: 1663), here transferred to Iris. Iris vvedenskyi is primarily documented for the Kugi-Tang Range (western Pamir-Alai), and its main distribution is in Turkmenistan. The lesser-known I. linifoliiformis grows on northern slopes of the Turkestan and Alai Ridges (Khalkuziev, 1985). The world checklist of selected plant families (2013) placed J. linifoliiformis in synonymy with I. linifolia. Vvedensky (1971), in the note to Iris linifolia, wrote that plants from the Alai Ridge differ from I. linifolia and should be recognized as a new species, between typical I. linifolia and northern forms of I. tadshikorum Vved. Later, a researcher of the flora of Alai Ridge, Khalkuziev (1985), described these plants as Juno linifoliiformis Khalkusiev (1985: 1663) and distinguished them from I. linifolia by their deeply dissected (1.5–2.0 mm long) crests and narrower leaves not exceeding flowers.

Ten species of vascular plants newly recorded in Uzbekistan are presented. The first record of Anthemis ruthenica from the northern side of the Alay range is confirmed, and the species was found for the second time in a neighborhood of Tashkent as an alien. Carduus arabicus as a native plant in Central Asia is recorded for the first time from Western Pamir-Alay. Chondrilla brevirostris, C. macrocarpa, and C. phaeocephala are from the desert and adyrs zones. Crinitaria tatarica and Crepis mira collected from Western Tien-Shan are presented, Olgaea baldschuanica first recorded on the Babatag range of mountains as a subendemic species and Erigeron andryaloides from the Hissar range are reported here as among the flora of Uzbekistan. The former Centaurea apiculata Ledeb. was accepted as a synonym of C. scabiosa L. subsp. apiculata. All records were collected in different habitats of Uzbekistan. Taxonomic remarks, pictures and distribution maps for these species are provided.

Geographic novelties of three species of Lamiaceae are newly reported in this paper. Phlomoides zenaidae, previously known only from a few collections from Kazakhstan, is reported from Xinjiang Province, China for the first time. Phlomoides baldschuanica and Nepeta badachschanica, previously only known from Tajikistan, are also newly reported for Uzbekistan. Diagnostic characters, additional descriptions, detailed illustrations, taxonomic comments and conservation status are provided.