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Jordan is a dry country which badly needs water bodies. This work proposes a design of a sustainable artificial lake in Jafer basin (JB). The design involves excavating a tunnel to connect Gulf of Aqaba (GoA) and JB, and building a pumping station at the end of the tunnel. The tunnel will have a downslope gradient to allow gravity flow of seawater from GoA to JB. Once the water arrives underneath JB, a series of pumps along an inclined shaft uplift the water into the basin creating an artificial Lake, with total water volume of 2,000 Million Cubic Meters (MCM). The time required to fill up the basin is three years. The tunnel diameter is 3 meters and the depth of the tunnel and the shaft is 1000 m. 2% of the lake surface will be covered by Photovoltaic (PV) panels to produce electricity for pumping and to reduce evaporation rate. The total investment cost is 10.1 B$ (Billion Dollar) spent over three years, after that, all the pumping power needed to counteract evaporation is provided by PV panels. Once completed, the project is expected to pay back by encouraging human settlement, tourism, agriculture and industry.

Abstract

A broad reliability prediction method that can deal with complex thermo-fluidic systems is introduced. The procedure provides an engineering tool by integrating multiple computational packages to enable the simulation of a wide array of systems, especially those involving physics interactions such as fluid flow and solid medium. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Finite Element Method (FEM), Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS), and Fatigue analysis tools are integrated within this approach. CFD simulation is used to determine the heat convection terms used for the transient FEM analysis. Maximum thermal stress is provided by the FEM analysis whereby the fatigue life of the component is evaluated. Due to uncertainty of input parameters, the fatigue life will be in a Probability Density Function (PDF) form, which provides the relationship between the reliability and the service life of the system. The complete procedure is demonstrated using a cylindrical ring model, and then validated using experimental data gathered for power plant boiler pipes. The results show good agreement between the two methods.