Objectives: To describe and report the results of an original technique for transfemoral (TF) transcatheter-aortic-valve-replacement (TAVR). Background: TF approach represents the commonest TAVR technique. The best technique for TF-TAVR is not recognized. Methods: We developed a less-invasive totally-endovascular (LITE) technique for TF-TAVR. The key aspects are: 1. precise TAVR access puncture using angiographic-guidewire-ultrasound guidance 2. radial approach as the "secondary access" (to guide valve positioning, to check femoral-access hemostasis and to manage eventual access-site complications) 3. non-invasive pacing (by retrograde left ventricle stimulation or by definitive pacemaker external programmer) The LITE technique has been systematically adopted at our Institution. Procedure details, complications and clinical events occurring during hospitalization were prospectively recorded. Major vascular complications and life-threatening or major bleedings were the primary study end-points. Results: A total of 153 consecutive patients referred for TF-TAVR were approached using the LITE technique. Mean predicted surgical operative mortality was 4.9% and mean TAVR predicted mortality was 3.9%. In 132 (86.3%) patients, TAVR was completed without the need for additional femoral artery access or transvenous temporary pacemaker implantation. Major vascular complications occurred in 2 (1.3%), life-threatening or major bleedings occurred in 4 (2.6%) patients. All-cause death occurred in 3 patients (2.0%).

Percutaneous TAVR induces an angiographically detectable CFA lumen reduction. Such findings call for further studies assessing clinical impact of this phenomenon and open the door for further refinements of the TAVR access management aimed at preserving vessel integrity.

The transradial approach (TRA) reduces hospitalisation and access-site complications as compared to the transfemoral approach. Nevertheless, the TRA technical failure rate is significantly higher compared to the transfemoral approach. The high failure rate of TRA is due to a series of factors. In particular, a wide range of anatomic vascular variants hindering procedural success may be present in patients undergoing TRA procedures. Methods and results:In our retrospective observational study, 1,596 consecutive patients with upper limb vascular anomalies underwent TRA between January 2006 and July 2017. We evaluate the usefulness of the sheathless guiding catheter system (SG) as compared to the conventional guiding catheter (CG). The primary study endpoint was the "procedural success" defined as successful transradial procedure (both selective cannulation of the coronary ostium in the diagnostic procedure and successful stent delivery in the interventional procedure) without access change. All SG procedures were successful, whereas only 1,274 (86%) CG procedures were successfully performed (p=0.0001). At multivariable analysis, age (p=0.001) and sheathless catheter use (p=0.001) were independent predictors of procedural success. Conclusions:The sheathless GC is a safe and useful system not only for small radial access but also in the presence of upper vascular anomalies and it can be used in PCI and diagnostic procedures.

The possible association between HCV positivity and extension of coronary artery disease may refer to the role of HCV in coronary artery disease pathology. Further studies on a large scale to investigate this association are recommended.

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