This study investigates the obstacles and success for entrepreneurship at Africa The study also provides a framework for determinants of entrepreneurship that includes three groups of factors: (1) obstacle factors, which include financial and non-financial obstacles; (2) success factors, which include gaining an understanding of the economic environment, determining market gaps, ensuring capital adequacy, and creating a stable cash flow; and (3) business model characteristics, which include benefits for clients, suppliers, founders, investors, and other stakeholders. The study hypothesizes hat there is a relationship between the second and third groups, which creating a new value chain (tangible or intangible) to the society with support from stakeholders. A questionnaire survey was conducted with founders, investors, corporate managers, financial analysts, academics, and graduates who seek new projects from Egypt and Nigeria, and 395 questionnaires were received in the second half of 2018. The study found a difference in entrepreneurship nonbanking and non-financial obstacles between Egypt and Nigeria. This can be explained by differences in the level of efficiency of the stock exchanges and non-banking services, in addition to the differences in legal environments and levels of corruption between Egypt and Nigeria. Moreover, future directions of entrepreneurship are similar across countries, but age has an impact on these directions.

This study experienced the effect of different regulatory restrictions and macroeconomic status on banks’ profit in Egypt. The study used factor analysis and event study techniques on data that covered the time period from 2003 to 2016 for banking sector as a whole and individual bank unit using a sample of 13 bank units in Egypt; in addition, the study experienced the performance of common stocks of the bank units in the sample. The study found that the development of regulatory restrictions has a positive effect on the profitability of the banking sector; however, due to the differentiated characteristics of individual bank units, this effect was dissimilar for different bank units in the sample. Finally, the study concluded that if individual bank units play their development role in the economy, they will be able to meet the new set of regulatory restrictions and at the same time achieve high rates of return on their assets.

The aim of this study is comparing the performance of common stock & treasury bills, according to the central bank of Egypt and their monetary policy during the time period between “1994-2017”, using descriptive & inferential statistical methods. The Study concluded that there is a strong positive relationship between inflation rate & returns of Egyptian treasury bills, as the same relation as with floating Egyptian pound.in addition, the study found the impact of Inflation and Floating on the return of Egyptian T-bills, but don’t found this impact on the return of Egyptian common stock. Finally, the study founds the same average return but a different at variances of this return & the Coefficient of variation.

This research aims at studying the effect of political changes on Egyptian economy by studying the direct and indirect effect of political risk index and its sub-indicators on number of important variables such as economic growth, employment, exchange rates, Egyptian Exchange main index (EGX30), foreign investment flows, domestic interest rates, and domestic public debt during the time period from 2006 to 2015 using parametric and nonparametric statistical methods. The study concluded that political risk index and its sub-indicators have had varying effects on financial and real investment and other macroeconomic variables in Egypt; and that achieving a successful economic development process cannot be reached without taking into account determinants of political risk.