Antiplatelet therapy displays a critical role in the treatment and prevention of antithrombotic disorders. Many new antiplatelet agents have been developed following the emergence of various clinical limitations of classical antiplatelet drugs. This review covers mainly the recent advances in the development of P2Y antagonists and GPIIb/IIIa antagonists. Meanwhile, it summarizes promising approaches to new platelet surface receptors such as prostanoid EP3 receptor, thromboxane A prostanoid receptor, protease-activated receptors, GPIb-IX-V receptor and P-selectin. In addition, PI3K, a critical protein at the inside signaling pathway of platelet activation is also mentioned as an important antiplatelet target. Moreover, the development of respective drug candidates is discussed in detail.
A yield of 26.88% of seed oil was obtained from Jatrophacurcas cultivated in Rwanda. Within 2 hours of reaction, the methyl ester (Biodiesel) was produced at a yield of 85.3% from obtained oil through direct base-catalysed trans-esterification process using methanol and sodium hydroxide as alcohol and catalyst. The proportion of 0.6g of NaOH in 20mL of methanol with 100 mL of Jatropha oil was the best ratio for making the biodiesel. The biodiesel obtained had 85.03% of ester content, 0.878 and 7.891Centistokes (at 20 0 C) of specific gravity and viscosity respectively. The other physico-chemical properties were also characterized.
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