No abstract

Según el V informe del Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, el norte de Chile es uno de los territorios que más se verán afectados por los cambios en las dinámicas atmosféricas en los próximos años. Dentro de este contexto general, un pilar capital lo constituyen las temperaturas y las modificaciones que en ella se han venido registrando. Se ha estudiado el comportamiento de las temperaturas de 4 observatorios del norte de Chile. Para detectar posibles tendencias en las series, se ha aplicado el test no paramétrico de Mann-Kendall, en primer lugar, a las temperaturas medias mensuales, y, posteriormente, a 12 índices diferentes calculados a partir de los extremos diarios de temperaturas desde 1966 hasta 2015. Si bien las medias mensuales no muestran unas tendencias claras significativas en el período estudiado, coincidiendo con los estudios que señalan la observación del Global Warming Hiatus, los otros índices de los extremos muestran tendencias significativas (90%), que indican, principalmente, un claro aumento de las temperaturas mínimas, así como una disminución evidente del número de días anuales en los que se registran temperaturas del percentil inferior.Palabras claves: Temperatura media, temperatura extrema, tendencia, Norte Grande, Chile. According to the AR5 from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, northern Chile is one of the most affected region by the next years-changes in the atmospheric dynamics. Within this general context, the temperature and its modifications constitute a capital pillar. The behavior of the temperatures from 4 observatories in northern Chile have been studied. To detect possible trends in the time series, the non-parametrical Mann-Kendall test has been applied to the monthly mean temperatures in a first

RESUMENSegún el V informe del Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, el norte de Chile es uno de los territorios que más se verán afectados por los cambios en las dinámicas atmosféricas en los próximos años. Dentro de este contexto general, un pilar capital lo constituyen las temperaturas y las modificaciones que en ella se han venido registrando. Se ha estudiado el comportamiento de las temperaturas de 4 observatorios del norte de Chile. Para detectar posibles tendencias en las series, se ha aplicado el test no paramétrico de Mann-Kendall, en primer lugar, a las temperaturas medias mensuales, y, posteriormente, a 12 índices diferentes calculados a partir de los extremos diarios de temperaturas desde 1966 hasta 2015. Si bien las medias mensuales no muestran unas tendencias claras significativas en el período estudiado, coincidiendo con los estudios que señalan la observación del Global Warming Hiatus, los otros índices de los extremos, muestran tendencias significativas (90%), que indican, principalmente, un claro aumento de las temperaturas mínimas, así como una disminución evidente del número de días anuales en los que se registran temperaturas del percentil inferior.Palabras clave: Temperatura media, temperatura extrema, tendencia, Norte Grande, Chile ABSTRACTAccording to the AR5 from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, northern Chile is one of the most affected region by the next years-changes in the atmospheric dynamics. Within this general context, the temperature and its modifications constitute a capital pillar. The behavior of the temperatures from 4 observatories in northern Chile have been studied. To detect possible trends in the time series, the non-parametrical Mann-Kendall test has been applied to the monthly mean temperatures in a first place, and, after that, to twelve different indices calculated according to the daily extreme temperature from 1966 to 2015. While monthly means do not show a significant trend in the studied period, coinciding with studies indicating the observation of the Global Warming Hiatus, the other extremes indices show significant (90%) trends, indicating a clear increase in minimum temperatures and a clear decrease in the number of annual days with minimum temperatures in the lower percentile.

In arid areas, rural communities can be affected by erosive phenomena caused by intense rainfall. By involving such communities in participatory mapping over the last few decades, our ability to analyse the effects of these phenomena has been enhanced. The aim of this study was to evaluate participatory mapping as a tool for spatially analysing agricultural variations caused by erosive phenomena, using local people to identify chronologies of physical events so we could analyse their effects on agriculture. The study was conducted in Laonzana, Tarapacá Valley, in northern Chile. We selected the participants for the participatory mapping using specific criteria, and carried out field activities in different phases, which allowed the identification, georeferencing and registration (through participatory mapping) of the information collected in the field and from the collective memories of the participants. Three periods were studied: 1) “before 1977” with 26 sites and covering 234,273 m2; 2) “between 1977 and 2012” with 6 sites and an area of 92,941 m2; and 3) “after 2012’ with three sites, covering 29,852 m2. This provided evidence for a decrease in the number of productive sites, these being limited to the vicinity of the village. The participatory mapping technique has become a useful tool in desert and mountainous areas with low population densities for recovering experiential information from communities. This participation contributes to the provision of examples for researchers, communities and government agencies to use in arguing for the need for cartographic information.