Nuevo enfoque para la localización óptima de reconectadores en sistemas de distribución considerando la calidad del servicio y los costos de inversiónA new approach to optimal allocation of reclosers in distribution systems considering service quality and fixed costs RESUMENEn este artículo se presenta una nueva metodología para la ubicación óptima de reconectadores en sistemas de distribución de energía eléctrica. La metodología considera en forma simultánea la instalación de reconectadores normalmente cerrados y abiertos, destinados al aislamiento de fallas y restauración del servicio, respectivamente. El problema es descrito por un modelo matemático multi-objetivo, donde la primera función objetivo minimiza el nivel de energía no servida del sistema (NENS) y la segunda los costos de inversión del proyecto. El conjunto de restricciones considera criterios operativos del sistema. Como estrategia de solución se introduce el concepto de áreas operativas, las cuales disminuyen esfuerzos computacionales al considerar que el NENS por área permanece constante. En la solución del problema se emplea un algoritmo elitista de ordenamiento no dominado (NSGA-II). Los resultados obtenidos reflejan la validez de la metodología propuesta y su posibilidad de aplicación a sistemas de distribución reales.
This article describes two new methodologies for optimal distribution system planning considering automatic reclosers to improve reliability indices. The first methodology proposed in this paper employs a two-stage cascade strategy to solve the problem. In the first stage a mono-objective Tabu Search (TS) algorithm is used to find the optimal distribution system topology. The installation cost of new elements, increasing capacity on existing elements and operational costs associated with technical losses are considered. In the second stage a Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm known as NSGA II is employed, considering the optimal distribution system topology found by the first stage, and thus, solving the problem of optimal location of automatic reclosers in distribution systems. The non-supplied energy level of the network and installation cost of reclosers are considered as objective functions; and the min-max criterion to select a point on the optimal Pareto front is used. In the second methodology, a master-slave based optimization algorithm is used to find the best network topology including the associated to automatic reclosers. Master algorithm is a TS algorithm which is responsible to direct the optimization process through solution space, whereby, for each neighbor generated, the slave algorithm NSGA II is applied and min-max criterion is used to determine a configuration of reclosers for actual network topology. The proposed methodologies are applied on three-phase version of IEEE 34 nodes test feeder, with high quality results.Keywords: Distribution systems, min-max criterion, multi-objective optimization, NSGA-II Algorithm, reclosers, reliability. RESUMEN
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