Near fibre electromyography (NFEMG) is the use of specifically high-pass filtered motor unit potential (MUPs) (i.e. near fibre MUPs (NFMs)) extracted from needle-detected EMG signals for the examination of changes in motor unit (MU) morphology and electrophysiology caused by neuromuscular disorders or ageing. The concepts of NFEMG, the parameters used, including NFM duration and dispersion, which relates to fibre diameter variability and/or endplate scatter, and a new measure of neuromuscular junction transmission (NMJ) instability, NFM segment jitter, and the methods for obtaining their values are explained. Evaluations using simulated needle-detected EMG data and exemplary human data are presented, described and discussed. The data presented demonstrate the ability of using NFEMG parameters to detect changes in MU fibre diameter variability, end plate scatter, and neuromuscular transmission time variability. These changes can be detected prior to alterations of MU size, numbers or muscle recruitment patterns.

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