ResumenLa presente investigación buscó indagar la manera en que los diferentes componentes del modelo de memoria operativa, inicialmente propuesto por Baddeley y Hitch en 1974, están afectados en dos tipos de trastornos en el aprendizaje escolar en niños de siete años: Trastorno en el Aprendizaje de la Lectura (TAL) y trastorno concomitante de TAL con Trastorno en el Aprendizaje de las Matemáticas (TAL/TAM), con el fin de ayudar a comprender las diferencias entre los diferentes trastornos en el aprendizaje escolar. En la investigación se estudiaron 45 niños: 15 niños sin Trastornos Específicos en el Aprendizaje (Sin TEA), 15 con TAL y 15 con TAL/TAM. Los resultados muestran que los niños con cualquiera de estos trastornos específicos del aprendizaje presentan déficits en la memoria operativa, y que éste es mayor en aquellos que presentan un trastorno más generalizado en el aprendizaje como es el caso de los niños con TAL/TAM, confirmándose la relación estrecha entre la memoria operativa y el aprendizaje escolar. Adicionalmente, se encontró que los niños con TAL presentaban dificultades significativas en la memoria operativa verbal cuando se requiere no sólo el almacenamiento de la información, sino también su procesamiento. Los niños con TAL/TAM se diferenciaron de los niños con TAL en tareas de memoria operativa viso-espacial, pudiendo concluirse que un déficit en esta habilidad cognoscitiva es lo que los pondría en riesgo de presentar dificultades en matemáticas, además de las de lectura. Palabras clave: Memoria operativa, aprendizaje escolar, trastornos en el aprendizaje ANALYSIS OF WORKING MEMORY FUNCTIONING IN CHILDREN WITH LEARNING DISORDERS AbstractThe present research study sought to examine the way in which the different components of the working memory model initially proposed by Baddeley and Hitch in 1974 are affected in two types of learning disorders in seven year old children: Reading Learning Disorder (TAL for its Spanish acronym) and concomitant Reading and Mathematics Learning Disorder (TAL/TAM, for its Spanish acronym), in order to achieve greater understanding of the differences between the various school learning disorders. 45 children were assessed in this research: 15 children without Specific Learning Difficulties (Sin TEA, for its Spanish acronym), 15 with TAL and 15 with TAL/TAM. Results show that children with either of these specific learning disorders have deficits in working memory and that these are greater in those children who present a more generalized learning disorder, as in the case of the children with TAL/TAM, confirming the close relationship between working memory and school learning. In addition, it was found that children with TAL have significant difficulties in verbal working memory, when not only information storage but also its processing is requiered. Children with TAL/TAM differed from those with TAL in visuospatial working memory tasks, leading to the conclusion that a deficit in this cognitive ability is what would put them at risk for difficulties in mathematics...
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