The article contains sections titled: 1. History 2. Properties 3. Occurrence 4. Processing of the Raw Materials to Vanadium Compounds 4.1. Iron Ores and Titanomagnetites as Raw Materials 4.2. Processing of Other Raw Materials 5. Production of Vanadium, Ferrovanadium, and Other Alloys 5.1. Reduction Behavior of Vanadium Oxides 5.2. Production of Vanadium Metal and its Alloys 5.3. Ferrovanadium 5.3.1. Production from Vanadium Oxides 5.3.2. Direct Production from Slags and Residues 5.4. Production of Other Vanadium Master Alloys 6. Uses 7. Vanadium Compounds 8. Analysis 9. Economic Aspects 10. Environmental Protection and Toxicology

The article contains sections titled: 1. History 2. Properties 3. Occurrence 4. Processing of the Raw Materials to Vanadium Compounds 4.1. Iron Ores and Titanomagnetites as Raw Materials 4.2. Processing of Other Raw Materials 5. Production of Vanadium, Ferrovanadium, and Other Alloys 5.1. Reduction Behavior of Vanadium Oxides 5.2. Production of Vanadium Metal and its Alloys 5.3. Ferrovanadium 5.3.1. Production from Vanadium Oxides 5.3.2. Direct Production from Slags and Residues 5.4. Production of Other Vanadium Master Alloys 6. Uses 7. Vanadium Compounds 8. Analysis 9. Economic Aspects 10. Environmental Protection and Toxicology

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical Properties 3. Mechanical Properties 4. Corrosion Behavior 5. Occurrence 6. Production of Titanium Tetrachloride 7. Production of Titanium Sponge 7.1. Reduction of Titanium Dioxide 7.2. Reduction of Titanium Halides 7.3. Thermal Decomposition of Titanium Halides 7.4. Electrowinning of Titanium 8. Processing and Reuse of Scrap Metal 9. Processing of Titanium Sponge 10. Production and Processing of Semifinished Products 11. Titanium Alloys 11.1. α‐, (α + β)‐, and β‐Alloys 11.2. Highly Alloyed Titanium 12. Uses and Economic Aspects 13. Titanium Master Alloys 13.1. Ferrotitanium 13.1.1. Composition and Uses 13.1.2. Production 13.1.3. Economic Aspects 13.2. Titanium ‐ Aluminum 13.3. Other Master Alloys 14. Titanium Compounds 14.1. Titanium(II) Compounds 14.2. Titanium(III) Compounds 14.3. Titanium(IV) Compounds 14.4. Interstitial Compounds 15. Toxicology and Occupational Health

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