Introduction: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the primary surgical intervention in kidney stone management. Even though it is performed quite often, the complication rates are also high. Arteriovenous fistulas following extended hemorrhages after PCNL are one of the most serious complications of this operation. Our main objective was to review the data of patients who required angiography and embolization. Methods: In total, we included 1405 patients who underwent PCNL between 2007 and 2014. All patient data were retrospectively reviewed. All patients went under PCNL using fluoroscopy. Following informed consent, all hemorrhagic patients underwent angiography in the interventional radiology department and embolization was performed in patients with a hemorrhage focus point. Results: A total of 147 patients (10.4%) required transfusion for post-PCNL hemorrhages. Of them, 14 (0.99%) underwent angiography and embolization (9 [64.2%] were male and 5 [35.8%] were female, with a mean age of 39.4 ± 10.2). The remaining 133 patients were conservatively managed (81 [60.9%] males and 52 [39.1%] females, with a mean age of 42.3 ± 12.4). When the predicting factors for angiography and embolization were reviewed, renal abnormalities and the mean size of stones were significant in both univariate and multivariate analysis (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Patients with extended and intermittent hematuria should be monitored closely for hemodynamics; if there is an ongoing necessity for transfusion, angiography should be considered.

Preoperative elevated De Ritis ratio could be an independent prognostic factor in BC patients underwent RC. Our results should be confirmed by large and properly designed prospective, randomized trials.

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Objective To compare the efficacy of standard transurethral electroresection of the prostate (TURP) and visual laser ablation in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Patients and methods In a randomized prospective study, the prostate glands of 60 patients with symptomatic bladder outlet obstruction caused by BPH were treated with TURP or visual ablation with the Ultraline side‐firing Nd:YAG laser; the patients were assessed using standard symptom scores, the measurement of residual urine and uroflowmetry both before and at 3 and 6 months after treatment. Results All patients in both treatment groups had a significant improvement in symptoms and objective measures of voiding. The laser treatment gave significantly better improvements in symptom score than did TURP (P=0.034), but TURP produced significantly better peak urinary flow rates (P=0.025). Conclusion These early results indicate that laser ablation of BPH may be a good alternative in the surgical treatment of this disease.

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